Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments of Meycauayan River, Philippines and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators

Elemental distribution and source analysis of atmospheric aerosols from Meycauayan, Bulacan, Philippines

“…Heavy metals in descending order were Fe > Mn > Ti > Zn > V > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > Hg > Cd representing the potentially toxic elements. The concentration levels are similar to other studies measured in the different municipalities and cities in the Philippines [ 7 , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ]. AQS1 (Caingin) showed high concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Hg while AQS5 (Langka) showed high concentrations of Ti and Cd.…”

“…Although there are studies of potentially toxic elements in outdoor and street dusts, there are limited to no publications on heavy metals measured in different land use settings. The observed concentrations of heavy metals are within the range measured in other cities in Asia and the world [ [4] , [5] , [6] , 28 ]. The variations in the heavy metal concentrations suggests the possible effects from anthropogenic sources such as urbanization, human sources, traffic density, and types of fuels used.…”

“…Our study is a three-way study report on the status of air, soil and water quality in Meycauayan, Bulacan. Heavy metal pollution in soil was recorded which may affect the ecological risk and heavy metal run-off to the different residential and agricultural sites [ 28 ]. Varying land use setting may cause environmental pollution in water, soil, and air which affects human health and the environment [ [46] , [47] ].…”

“…Where C element and C reference are the elemental and reference concentrations in the dust or crust samples. Several studies used elements such as Fe, Al, Mn, Ti, and Sr to be the reference elements [ [26] , [27] , [28] ]. In this study, Al is chosen to be the reference element due to its high natural occurrence and small influence in the anthropogenic sources.…”

Ecological and health risks from heavy metal sources surrounding an abandoned mercury mine in the island paradise of Palawan, Philippines

“…To better understand the phenomenon, PCA was carried out to identify the sources of the heavy metals. PCA is a useful tool for finding the causes of heavy metal pollution by grouping them according to similarity in their sources [ 13 , 17 , 19 , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. PCA reduced the dimensionality of the dataset into five principal components that control the heavy metal pollution in the study area.…”