Heavy metal pollution from medical waste incineration at Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Sabiha-Javied,; Tufail, Muhammad; Khalid, Sofia

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2008.03.010

Cited by 80 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Here, it is important to note that in Table 4, we selectively presented the results in the measuring unit of kg bed -1 day -1 , while other measuring units were not considered. Multiple studies have also used many other measuring units such as kg patient -1 day -1 (Alves et al, 2014;Gören and Ozdemir, 2011;Mugambe et al, 2012;Nemathaga et al, 2008;Sawalem et al, 2009), kg day -1 (Idowu et al, 2013;Manga et al, 2011; Moreira and Günther, Gai et al, 2009Gai et al, , 2010Yong et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2013 2 India Athavale and Dhumale, 2010;Babu et al, 2009;De and Debnath, 2016;Gupta and Boojh, 2006;Hanumantha Rao, 2009;Mohankumar and Kottaiveeran, 2011;Nema et al, 2011;Onursal, 2003;Patil and Pokhrel, 2005;Rao, 2009;Verma et al, 2008 3 Pakistan Ali et al, 2015Ali et al, , 2016Jaffer, 2013;Kemu, 2011Kemu, , 2014Khattak, 2009;Kumar et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2015a;Kumar et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2015b;Qaiser, 2012;Sabiha-Javied et al, 2008;Shahida Rasheed SI, 2005;Sobia et al, 2014 4 Bangladesh Alam et al, 2008;Hassan et al, 2008;…”

Section: Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review

et al. 2019

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Healthcare waste encompasses a significant quantity of hazardous substances. Poor healthcare waste management can result in serious environmental and human health risks. Asian developing countries are densely populated, and some are highly resource constrained. These countries commonly fail to practice appropriate healthcare waste management. Moreover, facilities in these countries extensively lack proper waste segregation, collection, safe storage, transportation, and disposal. This mini-review recapitulates key issues of healthcare waste management confronting Asian developing countries. Regulations, legislation, and policies are found to be recent, and their implementation varies from one another. Variation in waste generation rate is common. Contradictory methods of waste measurement used by researchers leave these variations questionable. The absence of waste management training programmes roots ignorance among staff and handlers, which leads to unsafe waste handling and causes different health risks. Unsafe and illegal recycling of hazardous waste is a threat to human health, also landfilling is often confused with open dumping, causing environmental damage. Outdated incineration plants need to be replaced with autoclaving, steam sterilisation, and comparatively reasonable new practice of pyrolysis to avoid the emission of toxic gases. The significance of proper healthcare waste management cannot be ignored, especially in Asian developing countries; substantial improvements are required in order to protect the environment and human health from serious risks.

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Section: Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review

et al. 2019

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“…The majority of existing literature concerns materials from Asian countries (i.e., China, Pakistan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Japan) and S. America [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Meanwhile, previous work in Greece concerned investigation of samples collected from a medical waste incinerator [12] and analyses of certain metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn), PAHs and PCBs in ashes from the ACMAR plant operated by APOTEFROTIRAS S.A. [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation and management of ash produced in the hospital waste incinerator of Athens, Greece

Kougemitrou

Γοδελίτσας

Tsabaris

et al. 2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…the cyclone) after leaving the burner. [19,36,37] According to XRD results, Cr 5 O 12 was found in MB-FA(C), owing to which the TCLP Cr concentration was high. Based on the results of heavy metal partitioning, the high Pb concentration in fly ash may be attributed to the fact that metallic Pb is very volatile and evaporates from the incinerating MSW; this is retained in the back-end of the APCDs (i.e.…”

Section: Leaching Test Of Ashes For Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of municipal solid waste incinerator types on characteristics of ashes from different air pollution control devices

Chuang

2015

Environmental Technology

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of fly and bottom ashes sampled from both fluidized bed (FB) and mass-burning (MB) municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), respectively. Fly ashes from different locations at FB and MB MSWIs equipped with a cyclone, a semi-dry scrubber, and a bag filter as air pollution control devices were examined to provide the baseline information between physicochemical properties and leaching ability. Experimental results of leachability indicated that the bag filter fly ash (FB-FA(B)) from the FB incinerator meets Taiwan regulatory standards set through the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of Cr5O12 and Pb2O3 in the cyclone fly ash (MB-FA(C)) and bag filter fly ash (MB-FA(B)), respectively, from the MB incinerator. To observe lead incorporation mechanism, mixture of simulate lead-laden waste with bed material were fired between 600 °C and 900 °C in a laboratory scale FB reactor. The results clearly demonstrate a substantial decrease in lead leaching ratio for products with an appropriate temperature. The concentration of Pb in the MB-FA(B) was 250 times that in the FB-FA(B), suggesting that incineration of MSW in FB is a good strategy for stabilizing hazardous metals.

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Heavy metal pollution from medical waste incineration at Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Cited by 80 publications

References 12 publications

Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review

Healthcare waste management in Asian developing countries: A mini review

Characterisation and management of ash produced in the hospital waste incinerator of Athens, Greece

Effect of municipal solid waste incinerator types on characteristics of ashes from different air pollution control devices

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