Heavy metal-mediated activation of the rat Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene via a metal-responsive element

Yoo, Hae Young; Chang, Mun Seog; Rho, Hyune Mo

doi:10.1007/s004380051088

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the findings that a single copy of MRE from mouse MT gene (Culotta and Hamer, 1989) or three copies of MREs of rat SOD1 (Yoo et al, 1999) in the context of a minimal promoter can provide a 3-to 4-fold heavy metal induction. Thus, the MRE-like sequence of P-PvSR is a functional element in response to heavy metal.…”

Section: The Function Of the Mre-like Sequence In Plantssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…3C). Previously identified cis-acting elements involved in heavy metal-induced gene expression include MRE of animal MT genes (Stuart et al, 1985), MRE of rat SOD1 (Kim et al, 1993;Yoo et al, 1999), the zinc-responsive elements of yeast (Zhao et al, 1998), the CuRE of the photosynthetic algae C. reinhardtii (Quinn et al, 2000), and the iron regulatory element of soybean (Wei and Theil, 2000). HMRE-containing region II did not show similarity to any known metalresponsive elements, suggesting it contains a novel cisacting element conferring responsiveness to heavy metal.…”

Section: Two Hmres Lie In the 2222/2147 Promoter Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a Novel Plant Promoter Specifically Induced by Heavy Metal and Identification of the Promoter Regions Conferring Heavy Metal Responsiveness

Zhang

Chai

2006

Plant Physiology

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The bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) stress-related gene number 2 (PvSR2) gene responds to heavy metals but not to other forms of environmental stresses. To elucidate its heavy metal-regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level, we isolated and characterized the promoter region (21623/148) of PvSR2. Deletions from the 5# end revealed that a sequence between 2222 and 2147 relative to the transcriptional start site was sufficient for heavy metal-specific induction of the promoter region of PvSR2. Detailed analysis of this 76-bp fragment indicated that heavy metal-responsive elements were localized in two regions (2222/2188 and 2187/2147), each of which could separately confer heavy metal-responsive expression on the b-glucuronidase gene in the context of a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Region I (2222/2188) contains a motif (metalregulatory element-like sequence) similar to the consensus metal-regulatory element of the animal metallothionein gene, and mutation of this motif eliminated the heavy metal-inducible function of region I. Region II (2187/2147) had no similarity to previously identified cis-acting elements involved in heavy metal induction, suggesting the presence of a novel heavy metalresponsive element. Transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings expressing b-glucuronidase under control of the PvSR2 promoter region (2687/148) showed heavy metal-specific responsive activity that depended on the type and concentration of the heavy metal and the type of organ. These findings further our understanding of the regulation of PvSR2 expression and provide a new heavy-metal-inducible promoter system in transgenic plants.In plants, a number of heavy metals are essential for normal growth as cofactors and as structural and catalytic components of proteins and enzymes. These micronutrients, as well as nonessential heavy metals such as cadmium, are toxic at high levels. Plants have evolved a suite of mechanisms that control and respond to the uptake and accumulation of both essential and nonessential heavy metals. These mechanisms include the chelation and sequestration of heavy metals by particular ligands including small peptides, organic acids, and amino acids, which bind free metal ions. They contribute to metal detoxification by buffering cytosolic metal ions (Clemens, 2001). The two best-characterized heavy metal-binding ligands in plant cells are the phytochelatins (PCs) and metallothioneins (MTs; for review, see Cobbett and Goldsborough, 2002). MTs are Cys-rich polypeptides encoded by a family of genes. In contrast, PCs are a family of enzymatically synthesized Cys-rich peptides. The induction of PC synthesis is based on the posttranscriptional activation of preformed PC synthase and is not under transcriptional control.Several heavy metal-inducible genes have been reported in plants (Hagen et al., 1988;Lescure et al., 1991;Berna and Bernier, 1999), but surprisingly, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to heavy metals. In particular, the cis-...

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Section: The Function Of the Mre-like Sequence In Plantssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Two Hmres Lie In the 2222/2147 Promoter Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Plant Promoter Specifically Induced by Heavy Metal and Identification of the Promoter Regions Conferring Heavy Metal Responsiveness

Zhang

Chai

2006

Plant Physiology

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“…16,39 The putative MRE sequence on the mACON promoter is homologous with MRE (HTHXXGCTC; H 5 A, C, or T; X 5 any residue) on the metallothionein genes and the Cu/Znsuperoxide dismutase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 33,40 Transient gene expression assay in the present study showed Zn-HA blocked regulation of mACON promoter activity with mutation of the putative MRE from CTCGCCTTCA to TGATCC-TTCA. The results from EMSA also indicate that blockage of mACON gene transcription by unknown factors after Zn-HA treatment binding to the MRE sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Zinc blocks gene expression of mitochondrial aconitase in human prostatic carcinoma cells

Tsui

Chang

Juang

2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Mitochondrial aconitase (mACON) contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster as the key enzyme for citrate oxidation in the human prostatic epithelial cell. Although there is accumulating evidence indicating that accumulation of high levels of zinc in prostate epithelial cells causes reduced efficiency of citrate oxidation, zinc regulation on the mACON is still not well understood. From in vitro studies, zinc chloride treatment has been developed using humic acid as the carrier (Zn-HA) in human prostatic carcinoma cells, PC-3. Zn-HA treatment (0.1-10 lM) restricts mACON enzymatic activity, which attenuates citrate utility and decreases intracellular ATP levels in PC-3 cells, whereas the effect is blocked by adding the zinc chelator, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Immunoblot, ribonuclease-protection and transient gene-expression assays indicate that Zn-HA treatments inhibit mACON gene expression. Mutation of the putative metal response element (MRE) from CTCGCCTTCA to TGATCC-TTCA abolishes Zn-HA inhibition of mACON promoter activity. Our results have demonstrated that zinc possesses a specific regulatory mechanism on the mACON gene, and a biologic function of the putative metal regulatory system in mACON gene transcription has been identified. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: prostate; zinc; metal response element; humic acid; aconitase Zinc is a homeostatically regulated, essential mineral required for numerous metalloenzymes, which influence metabolic function for cell growth, replication, osteogenesis and immunity. 1Although studies of the relationship between zinc and prostate carcinogenesis remain controversial, the evidence suggests that zinc may play a significant role in the prostate.2-9 Total zinc levels in the prostate are 10 times higher than in other soft tissues, and this ability of zinc to accumulate in the prostate is lost during prostate carcinogenesis. 2,10 It has been demonstrated that zinc treatment restricts growth of prostate cancer cells via cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis both in vitro and in vivo.3,6,11 Some studies have reported especially high levels of zinc in the mitochondria of prostate epithelial cells, where zinc inhibits mitochondrial aconitase (mACON), resulting in decreased citrate oxidation. 4,10,12,13 Aconitase (aconitase hydratase, EC4.2.1.3) is essential to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and initiates the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle.14 Our previous in vitro study using the stable transfected mACON antisense human prostate carcinoma cell, PC-3, has illustrated the key role of mACON in citrate utility, and regulation of intracellular ATP levels in the prostate.15 Zinc-based mACON regulation processes in the human prostate are still not fully understood. Previous study has determined conserved ironresponsive elements (IRE) in the 5 0 -untranslated region of the human mACON gene, showing that iron upregulates gene translation and transcription of mACON in human prostatic carcinoma cells. 16 The objective of our study was to deter...

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“…However unlike murine sod1 (Yoo et al, 1999b), the hmsod1 did not possess a metal-responsive element (MRE) in its promoter region, although heavy metal exposure could stimulate sod1 transcription in this species as well (see Cho et al, 2009b). This suggests that the induced expression of hmsod1 during heavy metal exposure might be related to the general defense mechanism against prooxidative forces arising from excess heavy metal ions rather than a direct MRE-mediated pathway (however see, Yoo et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the 5'-flanking Regulatory Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Copper/Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) Gene from an Endangered Freshwater Fish Species Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei; Cypriniformes)

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Bang³

et al. 2011

Fisheries and aquatic sciences

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Gene structure of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD; sod1) was characterized in Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei; Cypriniformes), an endangered freshwater fish species in Korean peninsula. Full-length cDNA of H. mylodon SOD1 consisted of a 796-bp open reading frame sequence encoding 154 amino acids, and the deduced polypeptide sequence shared high sequence homology with other orthologs, particularly with regard to metal-coordinating ligands. Genomic structure of the H. mylodon sod1 gene (hmsod1; 1,911 bp from the ATG start codon to the stop codon) was typical quinquepartite (i.e., five exons interrupted by four introns); the lengths of the exons were similar among species belonging to various taxonomic positions. The molecular phylogeny inferred from sod1 genes in the teleost lineage was in accordance with the conventional taxonomic assumptions. 5'-flanking upstream region of hmsod1, obtained using the genome walking method, contained typical TATA and CAAT boxes. It also showed various transcription factor binding motifs that may be potentially involved in stress/immune response (e.g., sites for activating proteins or nuclear factor kappa B) or metabolism of xenobiotic compounds (e.g., xenobiotic response element; XRE). The hmsod1 transcripts were ubiquitously detected among tissues, with the liver and spleen showing the highest and lowest expression, respectively. An experimental challenge with Edwardsiella tarda revealed significant upregulation of the hmsod1 in kidney (4.3-fold) and spleen (3.1-fold), based on a real-time RT-PCR assay. Information on the molecular characteristics of this key antioxidant enzyme gene could be a useful basis for a biomarker-based assay to understand cellular stresses in this endangered fish species.

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Heavy metal-mediated activation of the rat Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene via a metal-responsive element

Cited by 56 publications

References 22 publications

Characterization of a Novel Plant Promoter Specifically Induced by Heavy Metal and Identification of the Promoter Regions Conferring Heavy Metal Responsiveness

Characterization of a Novel Plant Promoter Specifically Induced by Heavy Metal and Identification of the Promoter Regions Conferring Heavy Metal Responsiveness

Zinc blocks gene expression of mitochondrial aconitase in human prostatic carcinoma cells

Characterization of Copper/Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) Gene from an Endangered Freshwater Fish Species Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei; Cypriniformes)

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