Heavy metal(loid)s in the topsoil of urban parks in Beijing, China: Concentrations, potential sources, and risk assessment

Liu, Lingling; Liu, Qiyuan; Ma, Jin; Wu, Hanning; Qu, Yi; Gong, Yongquan; Shi, Yang; An, Yanfei; Zhou, Yongzhang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114083

Cited by 121 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The high levels of Ti and V can be linked to the oil refinery Ñico López and the electric power plant Antonio Maceo in Regla and to the smelting industry FUNALCO in San Miguel del Padrón, as well as to various small sources like electricity generating facilities. The highest Hg concentrations in Habana Vieja, the historical centre of the city, are in accordance with reports of a relationship between the accumulation of Hg and the duration of urbanization [33]. High concentrations of Co, Cr, and Ni (Figure 2) can be related to lithological factors (ultramafic rocks).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…These elements can be of lithological origin, but the presence of outliers suggest the contribution of anthropogenic sources in some samples. These possible anthropogenic sources include the traffic of vehicles [13], metal smelting, waste disposal and incineration, burning of fossil fuels [33,34], and the application of organic amendments to soils [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun et al [6] reported an association among the anthropogenic Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils of Shenyang, China. In topsoils of urban parks in Beijing, China [33], Pb, Zn, and Cu were strongly correlated and were considered of anthropogenic origin, mainly related to vehicular traffic. In summary, profuse research shows that Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn are ubiquitous in urban soils and arise from human activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils of Havana, Cuba

2020

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Urban soils are characterised by a strong anthropogenic influence. Potentially toxic elements were studied in various horizons of 35 urban soils in Havana, Cuba, classified as Urbic or Garbic Technosols. Pseudo-total, available, and acid-oxalate extractable concentrations were determined. The pseudo-total concentrations were generally higher than the average values for the world’s soils but similar to those published for urban soils. In a few cases, very high values of copper or lead were found. Nickel and chromium concentrations exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for agricultural soils in 22% and 12% of samples. Vanadium concentrations were always very high. There was minimum enrichment of most samples in Co, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Ni, but outliers reached moderate or significant enrichment. Enrichment was significant for V, while for Pb, Zn, and Hg the median values denoted moderate enrichment, but outliers reached significant enrichment in Zn and extremely high enrichment in Pb and Hg. The available elements amounted to between 0.07% of the pseudo-total vanadium and 30% lead and cadmium. The published toxicity limits for bioavailable Cd, Mn, Ni, and Pb were exceeded in 14%, 39%, 10%, and 56% of samples, respectively. The concentrations of pseudo-total total iron, cobalt, chromium, and nickel, and available cobalt, nickel and titanium were significantly lower in soils with gleyic properties (reducing conditions).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils of Havana, Cuba

2020

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“…However, due to the very low background values, serious contamination is evident from the assessment using I geo in some PTEs. Although As content levels were categorised as ‘uncontaminated’, indicating low enrichment from coal combustion [ 44 , 45 ], Ni, Cr and Cu levels ranged from ‘uncontaminated’ to a ‘moderately contaminated’ category. Cd content measured as ‘moderately contaminated’, Pb was ‘moderately contaminated’ to ‘heavily contaminated’ and Zn measured as ‘heavily contaminated’ to an ‘extremely contaminated’ category.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Soil Contamination with Potentially Toxic Elements and Soil Ecotoxicity of Botanical Garden in Brno, Czech Republic: Are Urban Botanical Gardens More Polluted Than Urban Parks?

Pecina

Brtnický

Balková

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Though botanical gardens are an important and widely visited component of urban green spaces (UGS) worldwide, their pollution is rarely studied. The aim of this study was to assess botanical garden soil contamination and ecotoxicity and to evaluate whether urban botanical gardens are more contaminated than urban parks. Soil assessments showed serious contamination with Cd, Pb and Zn, emitted predominantly by traffic, agrochemicals and past construction and demolition waste. The discovery of hazardous historical ecological burden in the UGS calls for the necessity of detailed surveys of such areas. Despite prevailing moderate-to-heavy contamination, the soil was only slightly ecotoxic. Maximum immobilisation inhibition of Daphnia magna reached 15%. Growth of Sinapis alba L. was predominantly stimulated (73%), and Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat was exclusively stimulated, possibly due to soil alkalinity and fertiliser-related nutrients. The hypothesis of a higher contamination of urban botanical gardens compared to urban parks was confirmed. However, urban parks can face a greater risk of soil ecotoxicity, hypothetically due to decreased activity of soil organisms resulting from adverse soil conditions caused by active recreation. The results highlight the need for an increased focus on botanical and ornamental gardens when assessing and managing UGS as areas potentially more burdened with contamination.

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“…Anthropogenically, the soil has been contaminated by fast industrial expansion and subsequent effluent discharge or exhaust emissions, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, mining operations, population explosions, and subsequent urban dwelling pollution [6,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Anthropogenic activities are generally regarded as being the primary source of PTEs in the soil in highly developed, urbanized and industrial urban areas [46][47][48][49], mining areas [5,[50][51][52], or agricultural sectors [41,53]. However, a large body of research on this subject supports the importance of the geological background in contributing to higher PTE contents in soil [2,[33][34][35][36][37]54,55].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Levels and the Ecological and Human Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soil of Baoshan Area, Southwest China

et al. 2022

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The primary goals of this study were to reveal the environmental status of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their ecological risks, as well as their associated health risks in the Baoshan area, southwest China, which has been surveyed with the scale of 1:250,000 geochemical mapping. Based on a comparison of the PTE concentrations with the soil environmental quality of China and the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and potential ecological risk indexes ( and PERI), as well as the potential non-carcinogenic hazard indices (HI and CHI) and carcinogenic risks indices (TCR and CTCR), the following conclusions were drawn: The PTE concentrations in the surface soil samples that were collected from the investigated area (1.65% sites) exceeded the risk intervention values (RIV) for soil contamination of agricultural land of China. Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) posed higher ecological risks than other PTEs (arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)), which was highlighted by their toxic response factor. Arsenic was the main PTE with a non-carcinogenic risk (19.57% sites for children and 0.25% sites for adults) and the only PTE that carries a carcinogenic risk (2.67% sites for Children and 0.76% sites for adults) to humans in the research area. Children are more vulnerable to health risks when compared to adults because of their behavioral and physiological traits. Geological genesis was responsible for the high concentrations, ecological risk, and health risk distribution patterns of the examined PTEs. Even though the present research highlights several important aspects related to PTE pollution in the research area, further investigations are needed, especially in mining areas.

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Heavy metal(loid)s in the topsoil of urban parks in Beijing, China: Concentrations, potential sources, and risk assessment

Cited by 121 publications

References 38 publications

Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils of Havana, Cuba

Potentially Toxic Elements in Urban Soils of Havana, Cuba

Assessment of Soil Contamination with Potentially Toxic Elements and Soil Ecotoxicity of Botanical Garden in Brno, Czech Republic: Are Urban Botanical Gardens More Polluted Than Urban Parks?

Contamination Levels and the Ecological and Human Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soil of Baoshan Area, Southwest China

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