Heavy Metal Content of Total Suspended Air Particles in the Heavily Industrialized Town of Gebze, Turkey

Ergenekon, Pınar; Ulutaş, Kadir

doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1148-7

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Heavy traffic could be the reason for the higher Zn and Pb concentrations present in the PM of Hangzhou. However, Guangzhou, another highly urbanized, and fast-grown city in China, had much higher concentrations of trace elements than the results of the present work , as was the case with the industrial city, Gebze, in Turkey (Ergenekon and Ulutaş, 2014). Compared to Saclay, France (Ayrault et al, 2010), the trace elements concentrations in Shanghai were still quite high.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Bioaccessibility of Airborne Particulate-Bound Trace Elements in Shanghai and Health Risk Assessment

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Increased concentrations of airborne particulate matter in megacities within China, caused by rapid economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, have become a major health concern. High energy consumption, emissions from a large fleet of on-road vehicles and intense industrial activities all contributed to the deterioration of urban air quality in China. In this study, we investigated the bioaccessibility of 12 particulate-bound trace elements (Al, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using simulated lung fluids [Gamble's solution (pH = 7.4) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) (pH = 4.5)] following the collection of PM in Shanghai, a megacity in China, to gain a better understanding of their fate upon inhalation by adults and children. All the trace elements showed higher bioaccessibility in ALF, compared to that in the Gamble's solution, due to lower pH and higher ionic strength of the former over the latter. In most cases, the kinetic response of trace elements in terms of their solubility followed a curvilinear pattern and approached near steady-state characteristics after a protracted period of incubation in the lung fluids. Health risk assessment was conducted for adults and children based on the measured bioaccessible fractions of trace elements, which showed significant excess lifetime cancer risk to both children and adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Bioaccessibility of Airborne Particulate-Bound Trace Elements in Shanghai and Health Risk Assessment

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Also, Pb and Zn in zone 3 exhibited a strong relationship ( r = 0.73) suggesting the role of vehicular emissions [ 52 ] in addition to waste incineration emissions [ 53 ]. Cu and Mn exhibited a strong relationship ( r = 0.62) suggesting possible role of traffic emissions in zone 1 [ 54 ]. Relationship between these two elements was also observed in zone 3 ( r = 0.68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variance of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth factors were 11.51%, 8.85%, 5.62%, and 5.12%, respectively. These high loadings could be attributed to a combination of both natural and anthropogenic sources such as local and regional dust resuspended by wind transportation, and convection processes [ 54 , 78 ], and traffic emissions [ 55 ]. Factors 3 and 4 in this zone were represented by high loadings of Ni (0.93)-V (0.97) and As (0.97)-Pb (0.98), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sources and Patterns of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 at Three Low-Income Neighborhood Schools and Residences in Quito, Ecuador

Raysoni

Armijos

Weigel

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Elemental characterization of fine particulate matter was undertaken at schools and residences in three low income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador. The three zones were located in the northern (Cotocollao), south central (El Camal), and south east (Los Chillos) neighborhoods and were classified as zones 1–3, respectively. Forty elements were quantified via ICP-MS analysis. Amongst the geogenic elements, the concentration of Si was the most abundant followed by S, Al, and Ca. Elements with predominantly anthropogenic sources such as Zn, V, and Ni were higher in zone 3 school followed by zone 2 and zone 1 schools. Enrichment factors were calculated to study the role of crustal sources in the elemental concentrations. Geogenic elements, except K, all had values <10 and anthropogenic elements such as Ni, V, Zn, Pb, As, Cr had >10. Principal Component Analysis suggested that Ni and V concentrations were strongly attributable to pet coke and heavy oil combustion. Strong associations between As and Pb could be attributed to traffic and other industrial emissions. Resuspended dust, soil erosion, vehicular emissions (tailpipe, brake and tire wear, and engine abrasion), pet coke, heavy oil combustion, and heavy industrial operations were major contributors to air pollution.

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“…6 suggests sources of metals in PM 10 . High concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn were observed when winds are associated to N and NE, suggesting that these metals are transported from the neighboring industries (Ergenekon and Ulutaş 2014;Mugica et al 2002;Thomas and Morawska 2002). V and Ni are associated to the refinery located to the NE side of the sampling site (Chow et al 2002b), whereas Pb and Ni are emitted by mobile sources (Mugica et al 2002;Mugica et al 2008) near the sampling site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Temporal variation of PM10 and metal concentrations in Tampico, Mexico

Flores

Rodríguez-Espinosa

Oca-Valero

et al. 2014

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn in particulate matter (PM) 10 ambient air samples were determined for the urban zone of Tampico, Mexico every 6 days during 2004. A Wedding and Associates PM 10 highvolume sampler was used to collect the particles on quartz and glass fiber filters. A Thermo Jarrel Ash inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to identify and quantify metals in PM 10 according to the USEPA-IO 3.1 method. A scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) was used to analyze the elemental composition, size, and morphology of atmospheric particles. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to study the sources of PM 10 and metals. PM 10 and Pb concentrations in Tampico did not exceed the Mexican standard value of 120 and 1.5 μg m −3 in 24 h, respectively. PM 10 concentrations ranged from 12 to 47 μg m −3 . The results for Cd, Cr, and Cu are associated to the presence of an industrial source near the sampling site. V and Zn and likely Pb and Ni are related to a refinery. Fe and Ti are associated to natural sources, whereas Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn are associated to the storage and transportation of minerals near the sampling zone. Mn is associated to a ferromanganese manufacturing industry and to the refinery. The SEM-EDS micrographs show porous spherical particles rich in V and Ni and smooth spherical particles rich in C and O.

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Heavy Metal Content of Total Suspended Air Particles in the Heavily Industrialized Town of Gebze, Turkey

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Bioaccessibility of Airborne Particulate-Bound Trace Elements in Shanghai and Health Risk Assessment

Bioaccessibility of Airborne Particulate-Bound Trace Elements in Shanghai and Health Risk Assessment

Evaluation of Sources and Patterns of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 at Three Low-Income Neighborhood Schools and Residences in Quito, Ecuador

Temporal variation of PM10 and metal concentrations in Tampico, Mexico

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