Heavy Metal Contamination

Yang, Dajin; Zhao, Kai; Suarez, Fabrizis L.; Pacquette, Lawrence H; Schmitz, Daniel J.

doi:10.1002/9781119238102.ch15

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…Arsenic (As), in its natural form, is found in the Earth's crust and is distributed through water in the environment [1]. Its inorganic compounds contaminate water and foodstuffs such as rice, cereals, and livestock [2,3]. It can be found as a soluble species in two oxidation states: As 3 + (arsenite) and As 5 + (arsenate), and less frequently as As 0 (elemental As) and As 3 -(arsine) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

Terrones-Gurrola

Ponce-Peña

Sálas-Pacheco

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Arsenic (As) is a common contaminant in drinking water in northeastern Mexico, which reduces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP 450). This enzyme group metabolizes numerous drugs, such as oral antidiabetic drugs such as pioglitazone (61% CYP 3A4, 49% CYP 2C8). When CYP 450’s function is inadequate, it has decreased therapeutic activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to establish the effect of As on pioglitazone metabolism in patients with T2DM. Methodology: Urine, water, and plasma samples from a healthy population (n = 11) and a population with T2DM (n = 20) were obtained. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy/hydride generation (As) and HPLC (pioglitazone). Additionally, CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 were studied by density functional theory (DFT). Results: The healthy and T2DM groups were exposed via drinking water to >0.010 ppm, Ka values with a factor of 4.7 higher, Cl 1.42 lower, and ABCt 1.26 times higher concerning the healthy group. In silico analysis (DFT) of CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 isoforms showed the substitution of the iron atom by As in the active sites of the enzymes. Conclusions: The results indicate that the substitution of Fe for As modifies the enzymatic function of CYP 3A4 and CYP 2C8 isoforms, altering the metabolic process of CYP 2D6 and CYP 3A4 in patients with T2DM. Consequently, the variation in metabolism alters the bioavailability of pioglitazone and the expected final effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

Terrones-Gurrola

Ponce-Peña

Sálas-Pacheco

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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A chemometric approach to source apportionment, ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in industrial soils from southwestern Nigeria

Egbueri

Ukah

UBIDO

et al. 2020

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Pollen storage by stingless bees as an environmental marker for metal contamination: spatial and temporal distribution of metal elements

et al. 2018

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Pollen storage by stingless bees as an environmental marker for metal contamination: spatial and temporal distribution of metal elements IntroductionSince the middle of the 20 th century, growing industrialization, urbanization, transportation and agriculture has led to overall ecosystem contamination and major modifications to landscape structure and composition. The presence of metals in the environment can be the result of external sources such as industrial smelter pollution, emissions from ferrous metallurgy, external mining activities and busy highway traffic (Bilandžić et al., 2011;Lambert et al., 2012).Mining activities represent a major source of environmental contamination by metal residues (Freedman & Hutchinson, 1981;Perugini et al., 2011). In the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, mine exploitation in the Iron Quadrangle reached its peak towards the middle of last century and the activity is still intense (Meneses et al., 2011). One of the consequences of this industry is the daily release of huge amounts of dust into the atmosphere (Meneses et al., 2011). AbstractSince the middle of the 20 th century, human activities have led to overall ecosystem contamination and to major modifications in landscape structure and composition. Mining activities represent a major source of environmental contamination by metal residues. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presence of heavy metals and other elements on stingless bee pollen, and compare them to samples of Suspended Particulate Material (SPM) in five points a Mineral Province, in Brazil. More than 50 elements were identified by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, after microwave digestion. Overall, we found a strong relation among elements present on pollen and SPM. Samples from the four areas exhibited higher levels of minerals compared to the reference site. Mineral levels varied widely within the two seasonal periods. Some elements, like Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Fe were found at levels considered potentially toxic to human health. Pollen stored by stingless bees was a successful bioindicator, and demonstrated the value of quantitative ecological information for detecting air pollution. The rocks (or soils) of Iron Quadrangle naturally have high levels of metals that can be considered toxic for human health (Rapini et al., 2008;Azevedo et al., 2012;Messias et al., 2013;Carvalho-Filho et al., 2010). On the other hand, these regions shelter a relatively high variety of very poorly studied metallophilic plants, living in a harsh environment with high concentrations of metals in the soil and subject to atmospheric deposition of those toxic elements, due to the mining activities. Studies carried by Valim (2012) and Baêta (2012) for example, found that relevant quantities of elements such as Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Mn, S, Sr, and Zn are deposited annually on the soil surface and vegetation via wet and dry deposition. According to these authors, this deposition depends on the geochemical nature of the environments that may be affected by weathering and anthropic ...

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Heavy Metal Contamination

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

Arsenic: A Perspective on Its Effect on Pioglitazone Bioavailability

A chemometric approach to source apportionment, ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in industrial soils from southwestern Nigeria

Pollen storage by stingless bees as an environmental marker for metal contamination: spatial and temporal distribution of metal elements

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