Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Soil in Relationship to Land Use Patterns: A Case   Study of Benue State, Nigeria

Adamu, Christopher Iorfa; Nganje, T. N.

doi:10.4236/msa.2010.13021

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Long term use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) to increase crop yield often contribute to HM pollution because of their composition and soil characteristics. In a past study, the high concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd in agricultural soils were attributed to the application of agrochemicals [26]. A previous study has also shown that copper based fungicides have the potential to increase concentration of Cu in the soil to phytotoxic levels [27].…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal (Loid)s in Farmland Soils and Strategies to Reduce Bioavailability

Fayiga¹,

Nwoke²

2017

Open J Environ Biol

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High concentrations of heavy metal (loid)s (HMs) in farmland soils reduces crop yield and contaminates the food chain. Exposure to HMs in the diet results in several adverse health effects such as cancer, reproductive health problems and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the origin and fractionation of these toxic substances will provide direction for reducing their bioavailability in contaminated farmland soils. HMs are added to farmland soils through activities such as irrigation, organic and inorganic fertilization, pest control, and mining. Weathering of parent material and atmospheric deposition can also increase the levels of HMs in the soil. Fractionation of HM contaminated soils provides information on availability of HMs such as Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Cu to soil biota and plants. Several studies have reported that Pb is mostly associated with Fe and manganese oxides (reducible fraction) while Cd is mostly associated with the most mobile fraction (exchangeable fraction). The application of organic and inorganic soil amendments such as vermiculite, zeolite, composts and crop residue to contaminated farmland soils converts HMs from the plant available fractions to the less mobile fractions. HM resistant microbes can change HMs to a less mobile fraction or less mobile oxidation state. The combination of HM resistant microbes, HM tolerant plants, and soil amendments can be used to reduce mobility of HMs in contaminated farmlands. Capsule:The mobility of heavy metal (loid)s in polluted farmland soils depends strongly on its association with soil components.

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Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal (Loid)s in Farmland Soils and Strategies to Reduce Bioavailability

Fayiga¹,

Nwoke²

2017

Open J Environ Biol

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“…According to Pearson correlation analysis between Cd and Zn concentrations in three different land uses, significant positive correlation (p<0.05) was found for non-agricultural soils (r = 0.49). Strong correlations between elements imply similar geochemical controls in the surface environment (Adamu & Nganje, 2010). Luo et al (2007) also reported that metals which are poorly correlated with other metals have different sources of origin.…”

Section: And Zn Concentrations Of Different Land Usesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Anthropogenic activities change the natural concentrations of soil trace metals in different land use types with varying magnitudes. Knowledge of metal concentrations for different land use types is of critical importance in assessing human impact on metal concentrations in soils and also in land use planning (Adamu & Nganje, 2010). There have been several studies on accumulation of trace metals in soils under different land uses in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline values of Cadmium and Zinc in three land uses in a selected mapping unit of the dry zone of Sri Lanka

et al. 2015

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Anthropogenic activities change the natural concentrations of soil trace metals in different land uses with varying magnitudes. Establishment of baseline concentration of metals is important in assessing human impact on metal concentrations in soils over time. A study was conducted to compare Cd and Zn concentrations in different land uses (lowland, upland and non-agricultural) to investigate relationships of Cd and Zn with soil properties and to establish geochemical baseline concentrations of the two metals for three land uses of Madawachchiya-Ranorawa-Elayapattuwam-Hurathgama-Nawagattegama soil association of the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Soils were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), clay, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and HNO 3 acid-soluble Cd and Zn. Land use had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Cd and Zn contents in soils studied. Accordingly, Cd content of non-agricultural soils was significantly lower than that of both lowland and upland soils. The Zn content of upland soils was significantly higher than that of lowland and non-agricultural soils. A significant correlation between Cd and Zn in the non-agricultural soils indicated a possible common source of origin for Cd and Zn, whereas poor correlations in upland and lowland soils indicated multiple sources of origin. The influence of OC, clay % and EC on metal contents of soils was visible in different land uses. For lowland, upland and non-agricultural soils, the upper baseline limits for Cd were 1.43, 1.47, 0.44 mg/kg, respectively, and for Zn were 39, 55 and 38 mg/kg in, respectively. The results revealed that Cd has not reached the contaminated level in the land uses studied, while Zn contamination was evident in some samples of lowland and upland land uses.

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“…Selected environmental pollution indexes for water samples 'Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) of the Groundwaters' [6], as for soil samples 'Mobility of Metals' [7], 'Single-Factor and Composite Pollution Index of Soils' [8], Anthropogenic Factor (AF) [9] and 'Enrichment Factor (EF) Indexes of Soil' [10], 'Potential Ecological Risk Factor Indexes' [11], and as for plant samples 'Heavy Metal Transfer (Bioconcentration) Factor' and 'Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of Food' [12] were used for comprehensive and integrated evaluation of parameters.…”

Section: Fig 1 Map Of Greenhouse Regions Of Gazipaşamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwaters, Greenhouse Soils and Greenhouse Crops of Gazipaşa Region (Turkey)

2015

International Academy of Engineers (IA-E) June 10-11, 2015 Antalya (Turkey)

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Abstract---To assess the heavy metal pollution of intensive greenhouse regions of Gazipaşa, and to understand the ecological risk and transport processes of heavy metals in an agricultural ecosystem and the relations with the soil characteristics; a survey study was conducted on greenhouse plants, groundwater properties and heavy metal characteristics in intensive greenhouse areas of Gazipaşa, one of the major greenhouse production region of Antalya-Turkey. Additional to routine water and soil analysis, a sequential extraction procedure was used to estimate the availability of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb) in greenhouse soils and several environmental pollution indexes were used to evaluate the size of pollution and risks.Groundwaters of greenhouse area have low conductivity but high nitrate content. Heavy metal contents of groundwaters were below the permissible levels. Average total Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and As contents of groundwaters were below the pollutant limits, but in some sampling sites for Pb and As concentrations were exceeded permissible limits. However, the average heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) values for all metals in groundwaters were below the critical value.The concentration of Pb and As in all soils of Gazipaşa greenhouses were generally above the referenced limits. Soil metal speciation showed that the greatest percentage of all metals was present in the residual form, and the mobility of metals declined in the following order: As>Cd>Zn>Ni>Pb. Single factor and composite pollution coefficient values of all metals were not exceeded critical limits. Anthropogenic and enrichment factor indexes of greenhouse soils indicate that both two parameter showed similar trends and 0,3 to 7 fold metal enrichment by anthropogenic inputs compared to uncontaminated soil. Potential ecological risk indexes of soil metals were found below the threshold value that indicate these metals have a low risk to surrounding environment.All heavy metal concentrations in greenhouse tomato fruits were found below the permissible heavy metal limits. Although soil As concentration was excessed the pollutant limits, and As has a high soil mobility factor, concentration of As in tomato fruit was found very low. Target hazard quotient of tomato fruits was found below the critical value and thus it can be presumable that no health risk for Cd metal in short or medium terms.In a comprehensive manner, in addition to total concentrations referenced, environmental risk evaluation methods and soil speciation studies may provide useful information for assessing metal bioavailability and environmental risk.

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Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Soil in Relationship to Land Use Patterns: A Case Study of Benue State, Nigeria

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Metal (Loid)s in Farmland Soils and Strategies to Reduce Bioavailability

Metal (Loid)s in Farmland Soils and Strategies to Reduce Bioavailability

Baseline values of Cadmium and Zinc in three land uses in a selected mapping unit of the dry zone of Sri Lanka

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwaters, Greenhouse Soils and Greenhouse Crops of Gazipaşa Region (Turkey)

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