Heavy Metal contamination of Dietary Supplements products available in the UAE markets and the associated risk

Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman; Shahwan, Moyad; Zyoud, Sa’ed H.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76000-w

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These supplements may be named differently depending on the region and regulated by different authorities. In the US, they are called Dietary Supplements, being monitored by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); in Canada, they are called Natural Health Products, monitored by Health Canada (HC); in Europe, they are called Food Supplements, monitored by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA); in Australia, they are controlled by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA); and in China, by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Some Food Supplements Available on the Romanian Market

Mustățea

Ungureanu

Iorga

et al. 2021

Foods

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Across the world, there has been an increase in the consumption of food supplements. This may be due to the perception that these dietary supplements cannot negatively affect the health of consumers in any way. However, dietary supplements may not have the expected effect. In addition, it has been shown that supplements can sometimes be chemically, physically or microbiologically contaminated, if the hygiene conditions and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan are not fully complied with. The aim of this study was to determine the lead and cadmium content of 41 food supplements available on the Romanian market and to assess the risk to consumer health. The graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique was used for sample analysis after wet mineralization of the samples. The risk assessment was determined based on Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) calculations. Values obtained for both lead and cadmium fall within the limits imposed by the legislation in force. Small risks associated with the consumption of these food supplements was shown, with a main recommendation being to decrease the recommended daily dose in the case of food supplements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Some Food Supplements Available on the Romanian Market

Mustățea

Ungureanu

Iorga

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Since 2007, 5 studies have assessed the doses of lead in MVM products. 20,23-26 Garcia-Rico et al 23 assessed 2 MVM products acquired in Mexico, with the first product (manufactured in the United States) providing 0.3 µg of lead per day and the second product (manufactured in Mexico) providing 198.96 µg of lead per day.…”

Section: Data Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead in Mineral or Multivitamin-Multimineral Products

White

2021

Ann Pharmacother

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Objective Assess the current daily interim reference level of lead and the amount contained in current mineral and multivitamin-multimineral (MVM) products. Data Sources PubMed search from 1980 to May 15, 2021, limited to the English language, via the search strategy ((mineral OR multivitamin OR calcium OR iron OR magnesium OR copper OR zinc OR chromium OR selenium) AND (heavy metals OR Pb OR lead)). Study Selection and Data Extraction Narrative review of studies assessing lead content in mineral or MVM products. Data Synthesis Products containing different calcium forms (dolomite, bone meal, natural carbonate) have historically had higher lead levels than others (refined carbonate, lactate, gluconate, acetate, sevelamer), but the gap has closed considerably since the year 2000. Although only limited assessments of magnesium and zinc supplements have been conducted, no alarming average lead amounts were found. MVM products assessed since 2007 had low median or mean lead concentrations. However, large interproduct differences exist, with many products having very little lead and some products having concerning amounts. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice It is difficult for pharmacists and consumers to know the amount of lead in an actual product unless it is tested in an independent third-party lab. The United States Pharmacopeia and NSF International will provide a seal on the products stating that the products have a low level of lead, but even so, children could receive more lead than the Food and Drug Administration’s Interim Reference Level. Conclusions The threat from lead exposure in mineral and MVM products have diminsihed considerably over time but some products can still have excessive amounts. Without third-party testing, it is difficult for clinicians and consumers to know which outlier products to avoid.

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“…In the UAE regulatory regime, the manufacturers of dietary supplements must supply evidence that their product manufacturing environment guarantees their products are safe and pure; any new product must be tested in municipal laboratories. Nevertheless, despite these safeguards, there have been cases where microorganism-contaminated dietary supplements have gained approval and been offered for sale [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals

et al. 2021

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Weight loss supplements that have illegal additives of pharmaceutical drugs or analogues have additional health risks, and customers may not be aware of what they are taking. This research is an essential investigation and quantification of illegally added pharmaceuticals or prescription medications, specifically fluoxetine, phenolphthalein, and sibutramine, in herbal weight loss supplements offered for sale in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this case, 137 weight loss supplements were collected and analyzed in this study. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorption detection coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS) analyses were used to determine the presence of the pharmaceutical chemicals. Among the weight loss supplements, 15.3% (95% CI: 9.2–21.4) contained undeclared sibutramine, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.01–19.7) contained undeclared phenolphthalein, and 5.1% (95% CI: 1.4–8.8) contained undeclared fluoxetine. Amongst all weight loss supplements, 17.5% (95% CI: 11.07–24) contained significant concentrations of either sibutramine, phenolphthalein, or fluoxetine. Whilst weight loss herbal supplements offered for sale in the UAE have relatively low percentages of undeclared pharmaceuticals, many people take several different supplements daily and may encounter quite high levels of combined exposure to toxic compounds.

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Heavy Metal contamination of Dietary Supplements products available in the UAE markets and the associated risk

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Some Food Supplements Available on the Romanian Market

Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Some Food Supplements Available on the Romanian Market

Lead in Mineral or Multivitamin-Multimineral Products

Adulteration of Weight Loss Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Pharmaceuticals

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