Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil: Implications for Crop Resilience and Abiotic Stress Management

Abstract

This chapter rigorously examines soil toxic metal/metalloid contamination and its profound implications on crop resilience, focusing on abiotic stress conditions. It begins by elucidating the natural and anthropogenic origins of soil contamination, illustrating how plants absorb these toxicants, and elaborating on their physio-molecular responses. The chapter accentuates the detrimental manifestations of impaired photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and oxidative stress management, underscoring the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies. Phytoremediation and genetic engineering advancements are explored as promising strategies to optimize plant resilience in contaminated environments. Novel methodologies, including phytochelatins and the strategic application of genetic engineering, demonstrate potential in improving plant growth and resilience, showcasing significant advancements toward sustainable agricultural practices. Moreover, the interaction between plants and soil microbes is dissected, revealing a symbiotic relationship that influences the bioavailability of toxic metals/metalloids and optimizes plant health under stress conditions. This insight into microbial assistance opens new avenues for research and application in crop management and soil remediation. This chapter contributes essential knowledge toward bolstering crop resilience against toxic metal/metalloid contamination by presenting cutting-edge research findings and sophisticated mitigation techniques. It emphasizes the critical role of innovative research in overcoming the challenges posed by soil contamination, paving the way for achieving sustainable agricultural productivity and food security in the face of environmental stressors.