Heavy Metal‐binding Proteins and Peptides

Clemens, Stephan; Simm, Claudia; Maier, Τ.

doi:10.1002/3527600035.bpol8010

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Metallothioneins chelate heavy metals through clusters of thiolate bonds. Fungal metallothioneins are also involved in other intracellular reactions, for example redox regulation, and developmental processes (Singh & Ashby, 1999; Clemens & Simm, 2003; Tucker et al , 2004). Generally, fungal metallothioneins are induced by Cu.…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Versatility Allows Aquatic Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi in freshwaters: ecology, physiology and biochemical potential

et al. 2011

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Research on freshwater fungi has concentrated on their role in plant litter decomposition in streams. Higher fungi dominate over bacteria in terms of biomass, production and enzymatic substrate degradation. Microscopy-based studies suggest the prevalence of aquatic hyphomycetes, characterized by tetraradiate or sigmoid spores. Molecular studies have consistently demonstrated the presence of other fungal groups, whose contributions to decomposition are largely unknown. Molecular methods will allow quantification of these and other microorganisms. The ability of aquatic hyphomycetes to withstand or mitigate anthropogenic stresses is becoming increasingly important. Metal avoidance and tolerance in freshwater fungi implicate a sophisticated network of mechanisms involving external and intracellular detoxification. Examining adaptive responses under metal stress will unravel the dynamics of biochemical processes and their ecological consequences. Freshwater fungi can metabolize organic xenobiotics. For many such compounds, terrestrial fungal activity is characterized by cometabolic biotransformations involving initial attack by intracellular and extracellular oxidative enzymes, further metabolization of the primary oxidation products via conjugate formation and a considerable versatility as to the range of metabolized pollutants. The same capabilities occur in freshwater fungi. This suggests a largely ignored role of these organisms in attenuating pollutant loads in freshwaters and their potential use in environmental biotechnology.

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Section: Physiological and Biochemical Versatility Allows Aquatic Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi in freshwaters: ecology, physiology and biochemical potential

et al. 2011

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“…In recent publications, the reaction of plant species to a surplus of heavy metals is reviewed with a focus on metal homeostasis, and the final steps of rendering heavy metals innocuous, but without considering sufficiently the impact of exposure concentration and exposure time on plant reactions (Rauser 1999;Sanità di Toppi, Prasad & Ottonello 2002;Clemens, Simm & Maier 2003;Cobbett 2003b;Verkleij, Sneller & Schat 2003;Hirata, Tsuji & Miyamoto 2005;Inouhe 2005;Clemens 2006b; Krämer & Clemens 2006;Mari & Lebrun 2006). With the exception of Mendoza-Cózatl et al (2005), all these reviews do not put the experimental conditions in the context of environmental concentrations of plant available sulphate and metal(loid)s, the exposure concentration and the exposure time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of heavy metals with the sulphur metabolism in angiosperms from an ecological point of view

Ernst

Krauss

Verkleij

et al. 2007

Plant Cell & Environment

199

106

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The metabolism of sulphur in angiosperms is reviewed under the aspect of exposure to ecologically relevant concentrations of sulphur, heavy metals and metalloids. Because of the inconsistent use of the term 'metal tolerance', in this review the degree of tolerance to arsenic and heavy metals is divided into three categories: hypotolerance, basal tolerance and hypertolerance.The composition of nutrient solutions applied to physiological experiments let see that the well-known interactions of calcium, sulphate and zinc supply with uptake of heavy metals, especially cadmium are insufficiently considered. Expression of genes involved in reductive sulphate assimilation pathway and enzyme activities are stimulated by cadmium and partially by copper, but nearly not by other heavy metals. The synthesis of the sulphur-rich compounds glucosinolates, metallothioneins and phytochelatins is affected in a metal-specific way. Phytochelatin levels are low in all metal(loid)-hypertolerant plant species growing in the natural environment on metal(loid)-enriched soils.If laboratory experiments mimic the natural environments, especially high Zn/Cd ratios and good sulphur supply, and chemical analyses are extended to more mineral elements than the single metal(loid) under investigation, a better understanding of the impact of metal(loid)s on the sulphur metabolism can be achieved.Key-words: glucosinolates; glutathione; hypertolerance; hypotolerance; metallothionein; phytochelatin; zinc/ cadmium ratio.Abbreviations: EC50, effect concentration of a metal(loid) which diminishes plant performance by 50%, often measured as root elongation and/or plant biomass.

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“…HPLC-ICP-MS has been widely used for the quantification and characterization of metallothioneins (Gomez-Ariza et al 2005; López-Barea and Gómez-Ariza 2006), which show different isoforms and are used as stress biomarkers (Nordberg 2000;El Ghazi et al 2003). Metallothioneins (MTs) are gene-encoded, cysteine-rich, low molecular weight (< 7 kDa), metal-binding (thiolate bond clusters) proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Clemens et al 2003). Their physiological functions have not yet been fully elucidated and are still a matter of debate.…”

Section: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Icp-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%