Heavy metal adsorption ability of a new composite material based on starch strengthened with chemically modified cellulose

Abstract

Adsorption of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and Cu) on a new bioadsorbent based on starch reinforced with modified cellulose with toluene‐diisocyanate has been studied using batch‐adsorption technology. The study was carried out in order to find if this bio material, designed for seedling pots manufacture, is able to act like a barrier between soil pollutants and plants. The influence of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and salt concentrations was also evaluated. The obtained data were examined using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Optimal results were obtained at pH 5.0, temperature of 25°C, contact time of 120 minutes, and an adsorbent dose of 4 mg/mL. Experimental data along with computed Langmuir parameters show that the adsorption process is favorable, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for lead, zinc, and copper was 66.66, 58.82, and 47.61 mg/g, respectively.

Removal of Lead, Cadmium, and Aluminum Sulfate from Simulated and Real Water with Native and Oxidized Starches

“…Furthermore, all starch samples contained moisture, as shown in the moisture analysis in Figure S3. (1)(2)(3)(4) ), -1,6 (H-1 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) ) glycosidic linkage or terminal unit (H-1 (t) ), H- The FTIR spectra of all six samples are almost congruent, all exhibiting vibration modes consistent with the literature (Figure S2). A detailed annotation is given in Table S1 [ [58][59][60].…”

“…Yet, these methods are very costly and can be exorbitantly resource-consuming when upscaled to huge factories. Furthermore, these methods partially have negative impacts on nature when used excessively [4]. In order for these problems to be circumvented, adsorption methods using biopolymers can be applied, wherein they feature several advantages as they are biodegradable, renewable, abundant, compostable, and environmentally friendly [5,6].…”

“…The branching degree (BD%) was calculated using the equation proposed by Gunilla et al [52]. Thereby the integral H1 hydrogen from the α-1,6 glycosidic linkage (branching units) is referenced to the total integral of hydrogens from this position including linear (α-1,4 glycosidic linkage = H1 (1-4) ), branching (H1 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) ), and terminal (H1 (t) ) units.…”

“…Figure3 1. H-NMR of the starch samples in DMSO-d6 and D2O at 500 MHz and 25 °C with assignments: H-1 either from α-1,4 (H-1(1)(2)(3)(4) ), -1,6 (H-1(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) ) glycosidic linkage or terminal unit (H-1 (t) ), H-2-H-5 hydrogens along glucose ring, and H-6 for CH2OH. Native potato starch shown in blue, native corn starch in red, native waxy corn starch in orange, native wheat starch in green, oxidized potato starch in light blue, and oxidized corn starch in pink.…”

A Simple Method for the Quantification of Free Isocyanates on the Surface of Cellulose Nanocrystals upon Carbamation using Toluene Diisocyanate

“…The surface modification of cellulose and nanocellulose is often used to significantly increase their potential. A wide range of functionalities have been placed on cellulose surfaces through simple modifications such as acetylation, oxidation, and carboxymethylation or through a more-complicated grafting of polymers such as polycaprolactone and poly(ethylene glycol) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In some cases, chemical linkers were needed to bind certain functionalities to nanocellulose; among these are aromatic diisocyanates [9,10].…”