Heavy burden of intestinal parasite infections in Kalena Rongo village, a rural area in South West Sumba, eastern part of Indonesia: a cross sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are one of the major public health problems, especially in the rural area of developing countries with low socio-economic status and poor sanitation. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs among the inhabitants of a rural area in South West Sumba, eastern part of Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done in Kalena Rongo village, South West Sumba in April 2014. Stool samples were collected and examined for IPIs using direct smear method.ResultsFaecal samples were collected from 424 of 473 inhabitants of the village, age 2 months to 80 years. About 95.5 % (405/424) of the participants had any IPIs. The most prevalent parasites found were Ascaris lumbricoides 65.8 % (279/424), Trichuris trichiura 60.4 % (256/424), hookworms 53.5 % (227/424), Blastocystis hominis 34.4 % (146/424), Entamoeba histolytica 17.9 % (76/424), and Giardia lamblia 4.5 % (19/424). The villagers used no latrine and defecated in their backyard. Clean water sources were scarce and far from the village.ConclusionsIn Kalena Rongo village, the rural area in eastern part of Indonesia, the finding of IPIs was conspicuous and therefore expressed the poor hygiene and absence of proper sanitation in the area. Integrated efforts, such as improving infrastructure to provide clean water source and educating the inhabitants for appropriate hygienic lifestyle are needed.

Epidemiology and Prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in North Cyprus

“…Generally, this can be explained by the poor sanitary and hygiene conditions, effects of contaminated water supplies, exposure to soil, and absence of toilet facilities. 1,43 On the contrary, Kiani and others found no statistical difference in blastocystosis rates between rural and urban residents, 26 which support our results. In our study population, 36% of the individuals frequently traveled to Turkey and European countries.…”

“…Numbers of female and male participants were 143 (62.2%) and 87 (37.8%), respectively. Distribution of the individuals according to the age groups was nine (3.9%) for age 7-19, 76 (33%) for age 20-39, 90 (39.1%) for age [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], and 55 (24%) for age 60 and above. A minority of the participants (24%) were university graduates; however, most of the individuals (91.7%) had middle or high socioeconomic status.…”

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“…This is understandable, given that the study location is one of the most prevalent areas of soiltransmitted helminth (STH) infections. [3] It was found that girls had a higher proportion of STH infection compared with boys in all types of infection. This finding accords with a study in Kenyan school-aged children, in which females had a higher proportion of infection than males.…”

“…This disease is a community health problem, especially in areas where poverty is prevalent, along with a low socioeconomic status and unhealthy hygiene habits [1,2]. In the Sumba Barat Daya District, Indonesia, the prevalence of trichuriasis is as high as 64%, and the disease is of great concern throughout Indonesia [3,4].…”

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“…Use of potable water is thus limited to drinking and cooking, and unclean water is used for bathing and for washing the hands and face. 15 Conjunctivitis occurred most often among infectious cases (52.7%) with the highest proportion being among young adults. 16 In reality, many toddlers also suffer from conjunctivitis but parents rarely seek medical care as it is considered normal and self-healing without medications.…”