Heating of tungsten target by intense pulse electron beam

Observation of the tungsten surface damage under ITER-relevant transient heat loads during and after electron beam pulse

“…Targets were exposed to transient heat loads at a novel specialized test facility developed at the Budker Institute SB RAS [5]. It is equipped with a high-power submillisecond electron beam injector with a plasma emitter [6].…”

Observation of dust particles ejected from tungsten surface under impact of intense transient heat load

“…High power electron beam (up to 10 MW, up to 0.3 ms) [3,4] is employed for experimental simulation of the impact of intense transient heat loads at the level expected in the ITER divertor. The impact produced by the electron beam on the metal target is characterized by small direct pressure and low effect of vapor shielding.…”

Comparison of tungsten modification after irradiation at different facilities for PSI studies

“…Parameters of the energy loads of plasma stream for the GOL-3 long pulse accelerator [9], [20], [21] are very close to the QSPA parameters: a pulse duration of up to 0.3 ms and energy loads of up to 2.5 MJ/m 2 . Irradiated surface area in both cases is big enough to use 1D codes and exclude edge effects.…”