Heating and cooling of residential annual application using DMS transcritical CO2 reversible system and traditional solutions: An environment and economic feasibility analysis

Novel energy station by natural fluid CO 2

“…Results has proved that the turbine power generator can completely cover all power demands of the compressor and pump, which indicates that the turbine inlet temperature and condensation temperature have positive effects on heating capacity 6 . The annual primary energy consumption (PEC) can be remarkably decreased by using dedicated mechanical subcooling (DMS) transcritical CO 2 system for space heating and cooling all year round 7 …”

Numerical performance of a water source transcritical CO2 heat pump with mechanical subcooling

“…Dai et al have published different papers in which they have numerically studied DMS systems from different perspectives and using R1234yf as refrigerant in the auxiliary cycle [20][21][22][23][24]. In [20,21] As pointed out by Mohammadi [5], above the critical pressure there is no real subcooling and therefore the term "subcooling" should not be used.…”

“…Dai et al have published different papers in which they have numerically studied DMS systems from different perspectives and using R1234yf as refrigerant in the auxiliary cycle [20][21][22][23][24]. In [20,21] As pointed out by Mohammadi [5], above the critical pressure there is no real subcooling and therefore the term "subcooling" should not be used. Despite the authors acknowledging that, from a thermodynamic point of view, it would be more appropriate to use the term "after-cooling", the term "subcooling" is widely used in most of the published research work dealing with transcritical refrigeration and heat pump systems and this work will follow that nomenclature.…”

Thermodynamic analysis and economic assessment of a carbon dioxide hydrate-based vapor compression refrigeration system using load shifting controls in summer

“…At the meantime, the investment costs of the hydrate slurry tank were notably reduced. In addition to common indicators, such as cooling load, power consumption and life cycle cost (summation of initial capital cost and operation cost) [14], environmental considerations need also be included in evaluation of a CHB-VCRS incorporating CTES technologies. For instance, Dai et al introduced a life cycle climate performance to indicate the CO2 emissions of the CO2 system over the whole lifetime [15], an indicator including pollution emissions to express the environmental performance for different strategies [16].…”