Heathens, Slaves and Aborigines: Thomas Hodgkin's Critique of Missions and Anti-slavery

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“…If Shaftari wants to prevent another war from occurring, then he should align himself with people that seek to rid Lebanon of armed militias and that are seeking to unite against Hezbollah. 34 Beyond criticising Shaftari for his lack of involvement in modern Lebanese politics, Jabbour condemned him for suggesting that Christian militias acted with brute force rather than in self-defence. Michael Young, a Daily Star columnist, praised Shaftari for his apology, but warned that 'a legion of Shaftaris could drag Lebanon down irreparably'.…”

“…33 Some tellings of the legends by the Romans made Procne the swallow and Philomela the nightingale, proclaiming the red breast of the swallow as a stain of blood, a symbol of how Procne's sin in murdering her son Itys could never be washed clean. 34 Yet, the swallow's status as a bird of ill omen remained ambiguous and the ancients never comfortably reconciled the legend of Philomela and Procne with natural observation. In Interpretation of Dreams (second century CE), the diviner Artemidorus writes that the swallow can foreshadow death and great sadness, likely a result of its connection with the tragic myth.…”

“…33 In particular, Frederick's father was enraged by his son's interest in French philosophy and literature-none of which he included in the crown prince's curriculumas he considered France to be a country of debauchery and liberal excesses, 33 Carl Hinrichs, 'The Conflict between Frederick and his Father', in Frederick the Great: A Profile, 9. and everything that it produced to be tainted by immorality. 34 As a result, Prussia under Frederick William had a 'special character' within Europe, in which the 'primacy of utilitarian considerations' promoted an 'official ethic of parsimony and frugality', 35 much as it would once again return to after (and, to some extent, during) the Napoleonic Wars, under the guidance of the bourgeoisie.…”

“…Hundreds of others dare not enquire what is the evening occupation of their sons, being well aware that tippling, gaming, or compassing the ruin of some poor girl, form their customary employments. 34 While many boys sat idle, they were able to vote. At the same time, moral women and ladies who could help reform society were unable to do so.…”

The Tensions of Internationalism: Transnational Anti-Slavery in the 1880s and 1890s

“…Again, the British case was somewhat different: Zoe¨Laidlaw's work on Thomas Hodgkin, co-founder of the APS, has drawn attention to the intersections of the missionary and anti-slavery movements, yet as she has stressed, Hodgkin's writings between the 1830s and 1860s revealed the tension between humanitarian motives and the religious concerns of missionaries. 32 From the start of Lavigerie's campaign, the associations in Europe exchanged information and covered each other's activities in their periodicals, and these links extended to Britain. The attempt to forge a broader alliance became evident when Cardinal Lavigerie donated 50,000 francs -part of a sum which Leo XIII had entrusted to him -to the BFASS.…”