Heated Injectors for Ethanol Cold Starts

Kabasin, Daniel Francis; Hoyer, Kevin; Kazour, Joseph; Lamers, Rudolf; Hurter, Tobias

doi:10.4271/2009-01-0615

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Fuel impingement will not occur when vapour fuel reaches the cylinder wall. Significant reduction of CO and HC emissions was also reported in the investigation of pre-heating the ethanol fuel in cold start conditions [25][26][27]29]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The effect of fuel temperature on the performance of a diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed methyl ester (RME) fuel was investigated [24]. Kabasin et al [25,26] investigated the cold start performance of ethanol-fuelled SI engines equipped with heated injectors. The engine cold start time was reduced and the HC and CO emissions were significantly decreased when the fuel was heated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the effect of heated ethanol fuel on combustion and emissions of an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) engine

Huang

Hong

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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a b s t r a c tEthanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) is a new technology to utilise ethanol fuel more efficiently and flexibly in spark ignition engines. One issue needs to be addressed in the development of EDI + GPI is the ethanol fuel's low vapour pressure and large latent heat which slow down the ethanol's evaporation and result in the mixture unready for combustion by the time of spark ignition and the consequent increase of CO and HC emissions. Heating the ethanol fuel to be directly injected (EDI heating) has been proposed to address this issue. This paper reports the investigation of the effect of EDI heating on the combustion and emissions of a research engine equipped with EDI + GPI. The results showed that EDI heating effectively reduced the CO and HC emissions of the engine due to the increase of evaporation rate and reduced fuel impingement and local over-cooling. The reduction of CO and HC became more significant with the increase of ethanol ratio. When the temperature of the ethanol fuel was increased by 40°C, the CO and HC were reduced by as much as 43% and 51% respectively in EDI only condition at the original spark timing of 15 CAD BTDC, and 15% and 47% respectively at the minimum spark advance for best torque (MBT) timing of 19 CAD BTDC. On the other hand, the NO emission was slightly increased, but still much smaller than that in GPI only condition due to the strong cooling effect and low combustion temperature of EDI. The IMEP and combustion speed were slightly reduced by EDI heating due to the decrease of injector fuel flow rate and spray collapse of flash-boiling. The largest decrease of IMEP was 5% at the original spark timing and 3% at the MBT timing. Moreover, at the MBT timing, the IMEP increased continuously with the increase of ethanol ratio in the entire range from 0% to 100%. This indicated that the decrease of IMEP in high ethanol ratio conditions at the original spark timing could be avoided by adjusting the spark timing. Therefore EDI heating is effective to address the issues of ethanol's low evaporation rate in low temperature engine environment and over-cooling effect at high ethanol ratio condition in the development of EDI + GPI engine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effect of heated ethanol fuel on combustion and emissions of an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) engine

Huang

Hong

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…Apart from the variety of sources which it can be produced from, ethanol can raise the octane rating of gasoline due to its better anti-knock characteristics, allowing the use of higher compression ratios and higher thermal efficiencies. However, ethanol's high latent heat of vaporisation can cause problems for cold engine starting due to excessive charge cooling and poor evaporation [1]. On the other hand in hot climates ethanol fuelling can result in adverse effects such as vapour lock.…”

Section: Combustion Of Alcohol Blends In Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Aleiferis

Serras-Pereira

Richardson

2013

Fuel

136

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“…The applications of this method decreased pollutant emissions and increased engine efficiency in certain engine conditions [12,13]. However, the vehicles may face problems of reduced vehicle coverage, difficult cold start [14], corrosion and reduced lubrication [15]. Moreover, due to the fixed ethanol/gasoline ratio, the ethanol's potential in reducing engine emissions and improving thermal efficiency cannot be fully exploited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of direct injection timing of ethanol fuel on engine knock and lean burn in a port injection gasoline engine

Zhuang

Hong

2014

Fuel

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Improving engine efficiency and reducing its emissions are the major tasks of recent development in internal combustion technology [1]. This is driven by the society concerns about the global warming and the depletion in supply of fossil fuels. One of the feasible short-to-midterm solutions for addressing the concerns is to use renewable fuels such as ethanol. Many countries and areas have enacted legislations [2] or incentive policies to promote the use of ethanol and other bio/renewable fuels [3,4]. The use of ethanol and other bio/renewable fuels has brought new challenges to automotive sector to develop new technologies. Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) is one of the new technologies in recent development.Previous studies on SI engines found that using ethanol fuel could help to reduce unburned emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) [5][6][7], enhance engine anti-knock ability [8,9], and improve lean burn performance [10,11]. In the current applications, ethanol is externally blended with gasoline at a specific ratio. The applications of this method decreased pollutant emissions and increased engine efficiency in certain engine conditions [12,13]. However, the vehicles may face problems of reduced vehicle coverage, difficult cold start [14], corrosion and reduced lubrication [15]. Moreover, due to the fixed ethanol/gasoline ratio, the ethanol's potential in reducing engine emissions and improving thermal efficiency cannot be fully exploited. Research has already shown that the optimal ethanol/gasoline ratio for maximizing engine efficiency and minimizing emissions was varied with the engine operation condition [6,7]. EDI + GPI dual-fuel injection, on the other hand, provides an opportunity to solve the problems and meet the requirements. It offers greater flexibility of using ethanol fuel because the ethanol and gasoline mixing ratio can be instantly altered according to the engine operation Effects of direct injection timing of ethanol fuel on engine knock and lean burn in a port injection gasoline engine AbstractEthanol is a promising alternative fuel for internal combustion engines due to its renewable feature. To make the use of ethanol fuel more effective and efficient, ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) has been investigated in recent years. By directly injecting ethanol into the engine, the advantages of ethanol fuel such as high latent heat of vaporization, fast laminar flame speed, wide flammability and better low temperature combustion stability can be well utilized to enhance engine anti-knock ability and improve lean burn performance. For an engine equipped with direct injection (DI) system, start of injection (SOI) timing is an important control parameter which directly affects the engine performance. This paper reports the investigation to the effect of ethanol fuel SOI timing on knock mitigation and lean burn. Experiments were conducted on a 250 cc single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine equipped with EDI ...

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Heated Injectors for Ethanol Cold Starts

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of the effect of heated ethanol fuel on combustion and emissions of an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) engine

Investigation of the effect of heated ethanol fuel on combustion and emissions of an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI + GPI) engine

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Effects of direct injection timing of ethanol fuel on engine knock and lean burn in a port injection gasoline engine

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