Heat waves reduce ecosystem carbon sink strength in a Eurasian meadow steppe

Qu, Luping; Chen, Jiquan; Dong, Gang; Jiang, Shicheng; Li, Linghao; Guo, Jixun; Shao, Changliang

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.004

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Changes of the species number were indicated that HWs and mowing will cause long‐term effects on ecosystem, which was considered as post effects and legacy effects (Figure ). Then, the effects of HWs and mowing on the population extend to the community level as demonstrated by variations in the community richness, diversity, and evenness (Table ), and they eventually lead to variations at the ecosystem level, which include changes in the carbon and water flux, leaf area index, and biomass (Qu et al, ). These alterations ultimately cause changes in the plant growth environment especially the soil environment and soil microbes (Bérard, Ben Sassi, Kaisermann, & Renault, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Dong

Boeck

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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The frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) have increased in recent years, but it remains unclear how grassland ecosystems respond to such extreme weather. A 3‐year manipulative field experiment was conducted to simulate HWs under different mowing intensities in a Stipa krylovii steppe on the Mongolian Plateau to examine their effects on plant morphology, phenology, and community. At the species level, the morphology and phenology of the three main herb species (S. krylovii, Melilotoides ruthenica, and Potentilla tanacetifolia) showed species‐specific responses to the HW and mowing treatments. The major dominant species S. krylovii shed ~50% of the tiller outer layer to protect the internal tiller from HW stress thereby directly decreasing the heat load and water loss from green plant tissue and indirectly increasing the litter biomass. HWs also caused increases of community index (richness, diversity, and evenness) but also associated with a 30% decrease in the importance value of S. krylovii, whereas mowing enhanced this value by 27%. When HWs were combined with mowing, the joint forcing of mechanical damage and low carbon accumulation aggravated negative effects of stress on plant health and growth, which further decreased community index. We constructed a framework to fully describe the effects of HWs and mowing and their interrelationship on different ecological levels and explain how short‐term effects, such as extreme climate, produce long‐term effects on ecosystems. In conclusion, we found that synergisms between climate extremes (HWs) and human activities (mowing) can reduce ecosystem stability posing a threat to the grasslands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Dong

Boeck

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Simultaneously, extreme climatic events such as droughts are predicted to become more intense, more frequent, and longer lasting in arid and semi-arid regions [7,9]. Droughts could fundamentally alter the composition, structure, and function of grassland ecosystems, posing a far stronger threat to ecosystem functionality than global trends and shifts in average regimes [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Lei

Pang

Xing-yong

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:In recent years, the increased intensity and duration of droughts have dramatically altered the structure and function of grassland ecosystems, which have been forced to adapt to this change in climate. Combinations of global change drivers such as elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration, warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, grazing, and land-use change have influenced the impact that droughts have on grassland C cycling. This influence, to some extent, can modify the relationship between droughts and grassland carbon (C) cycling in the multi-factor world. Unfortunately, prior reviews have been primarily anecdotal from the 1930s to the 2010s. We investigated the current state of the study on the interactive impacts of multiple factors under drought scenarios in grassland C cycling and provided scientific advice for dealing with droughts and managing grassland C cycling in a multi-factor world. Currently, adequate information is not available on the interaction between droughts and global change drivers, which would advance our understanding of grassland C cycling responses. It was determined that future experiments and models should specifically test how droughts regulate grassland C cycling under global changes. Previous multi-factor experiments of current and future global change conditions have studied various drought scenarios poorly, including changes in precipitation frequency and amplitude, timing, and interactions with other global change drivers. Multi-factor experiments have contributed to quantifying these potential changes and have provided important information on how water affects ecosystem processes under global change. There is an urgent need to establish a systematic framework that can assess ecosystem dynamic responses to droughts under current and future global change and human activity, with a focus on the combined effects of droughts, global change drivers, and the corresponding hierarchical responses of an ecosystem.

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“…The coniferous forests of western North America have experienced an unprecedented herbivore outbreak over millions of hectares over the past decades (Hicke et al, 2012;Raffa et al, 2008), where part of the global tree die-off is due to the combined effects of elevated temperatures, drought, and associated herbivory (Allen et al, 2010). Measurements of the impacts of this disturbance at the site scale find minimal ecosystem carbon loss or even net uptake shortly after eruptive herbivory , which contrasts regional estimates of substantial carbon losses to the atmosphere (Ghimire et al, 2015;Kurz et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Insect Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study also indicates that the residual forest and the understory vegetation contributed to carbon uptake and could enable the forest to return to carbon neutrality at a faster rate than clearcuts. The impacts of herbivore outbreak depend on the type of herbivore (e.g., foliavores vs. phloem-feeders) and the intensity of disturbance (Allen et al, 2010;Ghimire et al, 2015;Hicke et al, 2012;Kurz et al, 2008a;Mathys et al, 2013;Raffa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Insect Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Reviewer #2

Stoy¹

2016

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Heat waves reduce ecosystem carbon sink strength in a Eurasian meadow steppe

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Drought and Carbon Cycling of Grassland Ecosystems under Global Change: A Review

Response to Reviewer #2

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