Adoption of the hyperbolic Cattaneo-Christov heatflow model in place of the more usual parabolic Fourier law is shown to raise the possibility of oscillatory convection in the classic Bénard problem of a Boussinesq fluid heated from below. By comparing the critical Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory convection, R c and R S respectively, oscillatory convection is found to represent the preferred form of instability whenever the Cattaneo number C exceeds a threshold value C T ≥ 8/27π 2 ≈ 0.03. In the case of free boundaries, analytical approaches permit direct treatment of the role played by the Prandtl number P 1 , which-in contrast to the classical stationary scenario-can impact on oscillatory modes significantly owing to the non-zero frequency of convection. Numerical investigation indicates that the behaviour found analytically for free boundaries applies in a qualitatively similar fashion for fixed boundaries, while the threshold Cattaneo number C T is computed as a function of P 1 ∈ [10 −2 , 10 +2 ] for both boundary regimes.