Heat Treatment of Steels

Schino, Andrea Di; Testani, Claudio

doi:10.3390/met11081168

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The grain size distribution improved slightly after annealing at 500 • C and 600 • C (Figure 3b,c) [25,35]. However, the microstructure did not change due to the annealing temperatures were lower than A1 (727 • C) [36]. Thus, the important change that occurred after annealing at these temperatures was the modification in grain size.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 95%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Chen,

Hao,

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study investigates the mechanical properties of exceptionally high-strength steel produced by wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), using the 304 stainless steel wire and the low carbon wire (LCS). The study found that annealing treatment can enhance the steel’s mechanical properties. The microstructure in the LCS layer changed from ferrite to bainite and then to a mixture of austenite, pearlite, and bainite with increasing annealing temperature. In contrast, the SS layer retained its martensitic structure, albeit with altered lath sizes. The annealing treatment also improved the orientation of the grains in the steel. The optimal annealing temperature observed for the steel was 900 ℃, which resulted in a maximum tensile strength of 1176 MPa along the Y direction and 1255 MPa along the Z direction. Despite the superior mechanical properties, the LCS layer still exhibited failure during tensile testing due to its lower hardness. The study suggests that annealing treatment can be a useful technique for enhancing the mechanical properties of high-strength steel in WAAM applications.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 95%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Chen,

Hao,

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…In thermal treatment technology, TDC is usually performed by furnace heating [20]. It is of interest to investigate the possibility of electrolyte plasma thermocyclic treatment of product surface areas [21,22]. The periodic change of electric field intensity between the surfaces of liquid electrode and article changes the power density of surface heating, which in turn provides control of electrolyte-plasma heating and creation of necessary thermal modes for formation of hardening structures [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Changes in the Structural-Phase State and the Efficiency of Hardening of 30CrMnSiA Steel by the Method of Electrolytic Plasma Thermocyclic Surface Treatment

et al. 2022

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Electrolytic plasma thermocyclic surface hardening is an attractive solution for both chemical and heat treatment used to improve the properties of the steel surface by structural and phase transformation. Structural and phase transformations occurring during the process of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening are performed repeatedly at varying heating–cooling temperatures, which radically improve the quality of the part and give them properties unattainable by means of one-time processing. The impact of electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening modes on the structure and mechanical and tribological properties of 30CrMnSiA steel is investigated. The structural and phase components were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray phase analysis. It is established that the structure of the cross-section is characterized by the following zonality: zone 1—a near-surface hardened zone, which is composed of hardened martensite; zone 2—thermal influence; and zone 3—a matrix consisting of pearlite and ferrite. The microhardness and wear resistance of the hardened surface were evaluated by nanoindentation and “ball on disk” methods, respectively. Nanoindentation analysis demonstrated that the indentation hardening process provides a maximum increase in hardness by three times and an increase in stiffness with a decrease in the elastic modulus by 38% compared to the original steel. The results of tribological studies show that electrolytic plasma thermocyclic hardening increases the resistance of steel to friction by increasing the surface hardness and reduces the area of actual contact during friction. It is established that the microhardness of the cross-section decreases proportionally from the surface to the depth of the layer, which is associated with a decrease in the volume content of martensite.

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“…Mechanical properties play a prominent role in the service life of components, which is primarily determined by treatment process and microstructure [1,2]. Surface modification is generally conducted on mechanical components to create favorable comprehensive performance and to optimize their service life [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbon Partition and Precipitation on Wear Resistance of Carburized Layer in Heavy-Duty Gear

et al. 2021

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The carburizing–quenching–tempering process is generally conducted on heavy-duty gear in order to obtain favorable comprehensive mechanical performance. Different mechanical properties could be produced by carbon partition and precipitation. In this study, the carburizing–quenching–tempering process was carried out on low-carbon alloy steel in order to investigate the influence of microstructure evolution and precipitate transition on mechanical behavior and wear resistance under different carburizing/tempering durations. Favorable comprehensive mechanical property and wear resistance could be obtained in favor of long durations of carburizing/tempering. A fatigue-wear model was proposed to describe fatigue crack evolution and damage mechanism on the basis of wear features.

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Heat Treatment of Steels

Abstract: Steels represent an interesting family of materials, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, considering the many innovative applications they can be used for [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Enhancing Mechanical Properties: Exploring the Effect of Annealing Temperature on Wire Arc Additively Manufactured High-Strength Steel

Investigation of Changes in the Structural-Phase State and the Efficiency of Hardening of 30CrMnSiA Steel by the Method of Electrolytic Plasma Thermocyclic Surface Treatment

Effect of Carbon Partition and Precipitation on Wear Resistance of Carburized Layer in Heavy-Duty Gear

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