Heat Treatment and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment to Modify Carbide Banding in AISI 440C Steel: A Case Study

Krishna, S. Chenna; Tharian, K. Thomas; Chakravarthi, K. V. A.; Jha, Abhay K.; Pant, Bhanu

doi:10.1007/s13632-016-0266-0

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, due to the strong affinity between carbon and chromium, it is easy to form the coarse eutectic carbides such as M 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 during the manufacturing process of MSSs. These carbides are harmful for the fatigue life and corrosion resistance of MSSs [4,5]. The addition of the element of nitrogen into MSSs is an effective way to reduce the number and size of these large eutectic carbides [6], meanwhile, nitrogen can make these carbides distribute more evenly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of austenitising heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a nitrogen bearing martensitic stainless steel

Xiao

Wei

2019

Open Physics

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The effect of austenitising heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness and metal release of the nitrogen bearing, martensitic stainless steel 420U6 was investigated. The heat treatment was carried out at temperatures between 950 to 1,150∘C with a holding time between 30 to 120min, followed by air cooling. The quenched microstructures observed by a scanning electron microscope indicated that by increasing the austenitising temperature and holding time, the number of carbides decreases while the grain size and the amount of retained austenite increases. For a given holding time, the hardness increases to a peak and then decreases continuously with the increase of temperature. The metal release test, according to the GB 4806.9-2016 standard, reveals that the metal release concentration is highly affected by the austenitising temperature. The parameters of the austenitising heat treatment, which can achieve the optimum combination of hardness and metal release, were obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of austenitising heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a nitrogen bearing martensitic stainless steel

Xiao

Wei

2019

Open Physics

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“…Figures 5 shows the microstructure of the samples obtained with backscattered electrons. Aligned carbides identified in the images are the result of the hot rolling process, characterizing the carbide banding phenomenon 25 . As a result of growth and coalescence during the hot rolling process, some carbide particles have a larger dimension than other particles.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A banded microstructure is characterized by dark/light bands, resulting in the variations in the carbide size and density, called carbide density banding 26 . Usually, a banded microstructure is described as a segregated structure with two different phases aligned approximately parallel with the working direction 25 .…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure Prediction of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Using the Theory of Critical Distances

Siqueira

Carvalho

2020

Mat. Res.

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This work aims to evaluate the capability of the theory of critical distances (TCD) to predict the static failure of U-notched AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel specimens with different geometric features under pure bending loading. Theoretical estimates of the stress intensity factor during fracture onset were calculated according to the line (LM) and point methods (PM), which consider the characteristic length L, inherent strength σ 0 , and notch tip radius ρ. Initially, L and σ 0 were determined on the basis of the material's properties (i.e., fracture toughness K Ic and ultimate tensile strength σ u,t ), resulting in imprecise estimates. Conversely, L and σ 0 determined using the appropriate analysis of linear-elastic stress fields ahead of notches with different sharpness provided highly accurate predictions. The microscopic study of fractured specimens ensured better comprehension of the results. Moreover, the accurate values of L and σ 0 were used to predict the failure of V-notched specimens.

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“…However, as chromium has a strong affinity for carbon, coarse carbides such as M 7 C 3 or M 23 C 6 can easily form during the manufacturing process of MSSs. These large chromium carbides not only reduce toughness and fatigue life, but also deteriorate localized corrosion resistance and thus pose a potential risk for people's health [2][3][4]. In order to resolve these problems, nitrogen as an important alloying element has been applied to MSSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive Equation and Hot Processing Map of a Nitrogen-Bearing Martensitic Stainless Steel

Hou

Wei

et al. 2020

Metals

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The hot deformation behavior of a nitrogen-bearing martensitic stainless steel was researched by the isothermal compression test in the temperature range of 950–1150 °C and strain rate range of 0.01–10 s−1 with a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulating tester. A strain compensated sine-hyperbolic Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed to describe the relationship between true stress and deformation parameters such as temperature, strain rate and true strain. The hot deformation activation energy is calculated to be from 407 to 487 KJ mol−1. It is validated by the standard statistical parameters that the established constitutive equation can accurately predict the true stress. The processing maps at different true strains were constructed based on the dynamic material model (DMM) and the true stress data obtained from the hot compression tests. Two unstable regions which should be avoided during hot working were observed from the processing map. In addition, the optimum hot working parameters are located in the domain of 1000–1150 °C/0.1–1 s−1 with the peak power dissipation efficiency of 39.9%, in which complete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs.

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Heat Treatment and Thermo-Mechanical Treatment to Modify Carbide Banding in AISI 440C Steel: A Case Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of austenitising heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a nitrogen bearing martensitic stainless steel

Effect of austenitising heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a nitrogen bearing martensitic stainless steel

Failure Prediction of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Using the Theory of Critical Distances

Constitutive Equation and Hot Processing Map of a Nitrogen-Bearing Martensitic Stainless Steel

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