Heat transfer to steps and cavities in hypersonic turbulent flow.

Thermomechanical Analysis of a Damaged Thermal Protection System

“…The maximum heat load values for the ATS are assumed to occur during laminar flow conditions, so the use of the laminar flow assumption is appropriate. Consistent with open cavity flows [12,30,45], the heat load ratios within the damage region are generally less than 1.0 except for the portion near the upstream-facing lip of the damage, where the reattachment of the flow occurs. High heat loads are also evident in a region located a small distance downstream of the damaged region.…”

“…However, the heat load profile on the damaged surface of the tile is dependent on the fluid dynamics of a high speed flow past a cavity. The interaction between the damaged region and the high speed flow will modify substantially the uniform heat load used for undamaged surfaces [30,45]. To improve on the thermomechanical analysis, the flow conditions in the damaged region must be carefully considered.…”

“…The Figure 6.1, this flow problem was studied both computationally [34,45], and experimentally [12,30,45]. Two approaches to improve the heat load estimate on a damaged tile are considered in this study.…”

Aerothermodynamic Comparison of Two- and Three-Dimensional Rarefied Hypersonic Cavity Flows

“…This can be carried out either by using experiments, which are often very expensive for real flight conditions, or by numerical simulation, which is of continually increasing importance [3][4][5]. Several experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies have been conducted for the purpose of investigating the impact of imperfections present on the vehicle's surface on the aerodynamic properties [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. For conciseness, only a selection of these studies will be discussed.…”

“…Nestler et al [11] conducted an experimental investigation on cavities and steps in hypersonic turbulent flow. For the flow conditions investigated, they found that the pressure distributions in the cavity exhibited the typical behavior of a closed cavity flow in the sense that the flow expands into the cavity, reattaches to the floor and separates as it approaches the downstream corner.…”