Heat transfer to horizontal tubes immersed in a fluidized-bed combustor

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Random Packings on Heat Transfer and Particle Segregation in Packed-Fluidized Bed

“…This trend agrees with other studies in which conventional fluidized beds were investigated for different temperature ranges and bed materials. 37,42,43 Mathur and Saxena 42 and Grewal and Menart 43 attributed this increase to increasing gas thermal conductivity and increasing bubble phase and emulsion phase radiative fluxes. Stenberg et al 37 also observed that by increasing the temperature from 400 to 950 °C in a bubbling fluidized bed with silica sand, ilmenite, and ground steel converter slag as bed materials, the radiative contribution to the overall heat transfer would increase from a few percent at 400 °C up to as much as 15% at 950 °C.…”