Heat transfer from typical loads within gas quenching furnace

Macchion, Olivier; Zahrai, Said; Bouwman, J. W.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.10.017

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The HTC ranges obtained from this high-pressure quenching with N2 in this study (Table 7) are comparable with a previous study [1], in which for a flow velocity of about 7 m/s with 10bar N2 quenching for batches with cylindrical probes, a maximum HTC of order 1000 W/m 2 K has been observed. Similar HTC ranges are also observed in [4,33]; however, the geometries are not directly comparable. The minimum and maximum HTCs obtained from the numerical simulations of the batches are summarized in Table 7.…”

Section: Validation Of Numerical Model (Cfd) and Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Artificial Intelligence Modeling of the Heterogeneous Gas Quenching Process for Steel Batches Based on Numerical Simulations and Experiments

Narayan,

Landgraf,

Lampke

et al. 2024

Dynamics

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High-pressure gas quenching is widely used in the metals industry during the heat treatment processing of steel specimens to improve their material properties. In a gas quenching process, a preheated austenised metal specimen is rapidly cooled with a gas such as nitrogen, helium, etc. The resulting microstructure relies on the temporal and spatial thermal history during the quenching. As a result, the corresponding material properties such as hardness are achieved. Challenges reside with the selection of the proper process parameters. This research focuses on the heat treatment of steel sample batches. The gas quenching process is fundamentally investigated in experiments and numerical simulations. Experiments are carried out to determine the heat transfer coefficient and the cooling curves as well as the local flow fields. Quenched samples are analyzed to derive the material hardness. CFD and FEM models numerically determine the conjugate heat transfer, flow behavior, cooling curve, and material hardness. In a novel approach, the experimental and simulation results are adopted to train artificial neural networks (ANNs), which allow us to predict the required process parameters for a targeted material property. The steels 42CrMo4 (1.7225) and 100Cr6 (1.3505) are investigated, nitrogen is the quenching gas, and geometries such as a disc, disc with a hole and ring are considered for batch series production.

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Section: Validation Of Numerical Model (Cfd) and Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Artificial Intelligence Modeling of the Heterogeneous Gas Quenching Process for Steel Batches Based on Numerical Simulations and Experiments

Narayan,

Landgraf,

Lampke

et al. 2024

Dynamics

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show abstract

“…Arkhazloo et al [9], investigating the thermal interactions inside an industrial gas-fired furnace, reported the significant effect of stacking patterns (such as their relative locations and distances) on the uniformity of the tempering process. Such influence on the temperature uniformity of the product was also mentioned by Wang and Shang [15] and Macchion et al [32] in their numerical studies of small-scale steel parts' heat treatment within a high pressure gas quenching chamber. According to Macchion et al [32], the temperature uniformity of the product was significantly affected by the position of parts within the furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Such influence on the temperature uniformity of the product was also mentioned by Wang and Shang [15] and Macchion et al [32] in their numerical studies of small-scale steel parts' heat treatment within a high pressure gas quenching chamber. According to Macchion et al [32], the temperature uniformity of the product was significantly affected by the position of parts within the furnace. Korad et al [33] used steady-state CFD simulations to study the aluminum billet heat treatment inside a homogenization furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Influence of Spacers and Skid Sizes on Heat Treatment of Large Forgings within an Industrial Electric Furnace

et al. 2023

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The influence of stacking patterns, through the different spacer and skid sizes, on the transient temperature distribution uniformity of large-size forgings in a 112-m3 electrical heat treatment furnace was investigated by conducting CFD simulations and real-scale experimental validation. A 3D CFD model of the electrical furnace was generated, including a heat-treating chamber, axial flow fans, large size blocks, skids, and spacers. Real-scale temperature measurements on instrumented test blocks during the heat treatment process were carried out to validate the CFD simulations. Results indicated that the CFD model was capable enough to determine the transient temperature evolution of the blocks with a maximum average deviation of about 6.62% compared to the experimental measurements. It was found that significant temperature non-uniformities of up to 379 K on the surfaces of the blocks due to the non-optimum stacking pattern were experienced by the blocks. Such non-uniformities could be reduced between 24% to 32% if well-adapted spacer and skid sizes were used in the stacking configurations. Based on simulation results and experimental validation work, optimum spacer and skid sizes for uniform temperature distribution were proposed for different stacking patterns.

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“…At the same time, the service life after vacuum quenching is longer than that of conventional heat treatment. In the heat treatment of different kinds of steel, the vacuum gas quenching process is very advantageous, and vacuum heat treatment is also the most appropriate heat treatment method at present, so it is worth focusing on the development [40].…”

Section: Aisi420mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Prospect of Vacuum High-Pressure Gas Quenching Technology

Hu,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Materials

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As industrial modernization surges forward, the heat treatment industry strives for lower pollution, reduced oxidation and defects, minimized waste, and automatization. This paper reviews the mechanisms, processes, equipment, and simulations of the vacuum gas quenching technology, presenting a comprehensive account of the structure and working principle of a typical vacuum gas quenching furnace. Firstly, the mechanism of the heat transfer process, flow process, and flow–heat transfer–phase transition coupling were summarized. Then, the influences of process parameters on the mechanical properties and distortion of vacuum gas quenched workpieces, as well as the process optimization methods, were discussed. Finally, the advantages of vacuum gas quenching in energy saving, low pollution, and high efficiency were introduced, with the future development directions figured out.

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Heat transfer from typical loads within gas quenching furnace

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Artificial Intelligence Modeling of the Heterogeneous Gas Quenching Process for Steel Batches Based on Numerical Simulations and Experiments

Artificial Intelligence Modeling of the Heterogeneous Gas Quenching Process for Steel Batches Based on Numerical Simulations and Experiments

Influence of Spacers and Skid Sizes on Heat Treatment of Large Forgings within an Industrial Electric Furnace

Development and Prospect of Vacuum High-Pressure Gas Quenching Technology

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