Heat transfer features of buoyancy-driven nanofluids inside rectangular enclosures differentially heated at the sidewalls

Computational study of unsteady mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a 3D closed lid-driven cavity

“…where T is the reference temperature, 273 K. The effective dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid by Corcione [23]can be calculated by using the equation below:…”

Three dimensional numerical investigations on the heat transfer enhancement in a triangular facing step channels using nanofluid

“…The effective nanofluid's specific heat at constant pressure, ( )eff is calculated using Equation 9 [22].…”

“…For example, Table 2 lists out the thermophysical properties of distilled water based fluids and SiO2 nanoparticles [22]. …”

Laminar CuO–water nano-fluid flow and heat transfer in a backward-facing step with and without obstacle

“…As observed by Koo and Kleinstreuer (2005), the effective thermal conductivity of nano-fluid contains static and Brownian effects and calculated with the following empirical correlations: The effective dynamic viscosity for the nano-fluid could be calculated by the following equations (Corcione 2010):…”

“…where d p and d f represented the mean diameter of the nanoparticles and equivalent diameter of a base fluid molecule, respectively; M represented the molecular weight; N represented the Avogadro number = 6.022 9 10 23 mol -1 ; and q f0 is the density of the base fluid found at Temperature = 293 K. Table 1 shows the thermophysical properties of the nano-fluid Corcione (2010) and water Incropera (2007).The Nusselt number is defined as…”