“…The characteristics of ceiling jet, such as heat transfer and temperature profile etc., have received extensive attention in certain thermal engineering research for large industrial or commercial storage facilities and tunnels [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Studies quantifying the flow of hot gases under a ceiling resulting from the impingement of a fire plume have M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT been conducted since 1950s, in which the theoretical models came from the work carried out by Alpert [10] and by Heskestad and Delichatsios [11].…”
“…The characteristics of ceiling jet, such as heat transfer and temperature profile etc., have received extensive attention in certain thermal engineering research for large industrial or commercial storage facilities and tunnels [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Studies quantifying the flow of hot gases under a ceiling resulting from the impingement of a fire plume have M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT been conducted since 1950s, in which the theoretical models came from the work carried out by Alpert [10] and by Heskestad and Delichatsios [11].…”
“…is minimal [32]. The temperature dependent thermal conductivity (k p ) and thermal diffusivity (a p ) of the quartz plate is given in Eqs.…”
Section: Data Reductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(4) and (5) it can be shown that for the temperature range of 0 to 200°C, the thermal properties k p and a p vary within 8% and 4% from the average values respectively. Hence, the thermal properties variation does not have significant influence on the computed heat flux [32]. The adiabatic wall temperature is calculated from the analytical-numerical method [29] and is elaborated in Appendix A.…”
Section: Data Reductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The impingement plate is modeled as a semi-infinite medium [31,32], the temperature distribution, T (Z, t) with time (t) at a given depth (Z) in a semi-infinite medium for a constant heat flux (q 00 ) is given by Eq. (3):…”
“…A comprehensive introduction to the combustion of various fuels is provided by Keating [2] with a strong focus on real-life applications. Hindasageri et al [3] analysed the heat transfer of impinging jets of premixed air-methane flames. The work of Miller and Tillman [4] concentrates on the combustion of solid fuels that is also significantly intensified by turbulent free jets.…”
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