Heat Transfer Analysis and Effects of (Silver and Gold) Nanoparticles on Blood Flow Inside Arterial Stenosis

Abstract

The current investigation was based on a simulation employing CFD in COMSOL Multiphysics. The base fluid that was used in this simulation was blood. The flow was considered as a laminar, unsteady and incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the Newtonian nature of blood is acceptable at high shear rate. The behavior of blood flow was analyzed with the objective of obtaining pressure, temperature and velocity effects through an arterial stenosis. Two types of nanoparticles were used in this work: silver (Ag) and gold (Au). The equations of mass, momentum and energy were solved by utilizing the CFD technique. A fine element size mesh was generated through COMSOL. The results of this analysis show that velocity changes through confined parts of the artery, the velocity in a diseased region is higher and the velocity decreases before and after the stenotic region. In the heat transfer feature, the upper and lower boundary temperature was set to 24.85 °C and 27.35 °C, respectively. The nanoparticles affected the physical properties of blood, such as thermal conductivity, density, dynamic viscosity and specific heat. The addition of gold and silver nanoparticles prevented overheating because both nanoparticles have a high thermal conductivity, which has a principal role in dissipating temperature quickly. Nusselt number variations were also calculated and the results show that the curve decreases inside the stenosis. It could be concluded that the streamlines show abnormal behavior and recirculation occurs just after the stenosed area at t = 0.7 s and 1 s. These results will help greatly in the treatment of stenosed arteries.

Thermal enhancement and numerical solution of blood nanofluid flow through stenotic artery

“…Awais et al 34 investigated the impact of heat transportation over porous disk and calculated their solution numerically. Hussain et al 35 discussed the applications of nanoparticles through diseased artery. Samad Khan et al 36 studied non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through stretching surface and computed the heat dissipation by the phenomenon of joule heating and viscous dissipation.…”

Assessment of heat transfer and the consequences of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on flow of blood in an abdominal aortic aneurysm

“…By using equation (11) in equations (3) , (4) , (5) , (6) , (7) , we obtain the following non-linear ODE's (12–16) Where , and , also Pr is the Prandtl number and is a curvature parameter. The thermophysical characteristics for blood base fluid and Iron oxide nanoparticle is provided in Table 1 [ 34 , 36 ].…”

Effects of stenosis and aneurysm on blood flow in stenotic-aneurysmal artery

“…3 . This method is used for flow of blood along with nanoparticle in cartesian coordinates as [ 44 , 45 ].

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“…El Kot and Mekheimer [ 24 ] examined the transfer of mass, heat, and momentum in shear thinning Sisko blood flow in the stenosis affected artery along with the effects of cross diffusion. Lubna S. et al [ 25 ] explored the effects of nanoparticles in stenotic arteries. Khaled S. Mekheimer et al [ 26 ] examined the elasticity of stenosis to check the contribution of non-Newtonian flow by arterial tube.…”