Heat tolerance variation reveals vulnerability of tropical herbivore–parasitoid interactions to climate change

Cheng, Wenda; Gaitán‐Espitía, Juan Diego; Solano-Iguarán, Jaiber J.; Nakamura, Akihiro; Majcher, Bartosz; Ashton, Louise A.

doi:10.1111/ele.14150

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Whilst duration of heat waves did not affect host emergence directly, exposing the parasitised hosts to longer heat waves increased the mortality of parasitoids, including complete mortality after 72 hours of heat waves exposed in the early life stage, leading to greater host emergence from parasitized hosts. This supports the general idea finding that parasitoids are less tolerant to heat stress than their hosts (Wenda et al, 2023, Hance et al, 2007, but emphasises that heat wave duration rather than the level of heat wave may be more important. Thus, the detrimental effects on parasitoids experiencing high temperatures for a long period of time can disrupt the trophic interactions, and suggests that pest outbreaks might be more likely if such conditions are experienced in nature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Humidity modifies age-dependent heat wave effects in an insect host-parasitoid interaction

Li,

Brough,

Rees

et al. 2024

Preprint

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1. Climate change is projected to increase the likelihood of extreme heat events, but it may also alter humidity levels, leading to the potential for coupled thermal and hydric stress. While increasing frequency and intensity of extreme heat events have been well-documented for their negative effects on species and their interactions, how humidity modulates the impacts of heat waves is currently unknown. 2. We investigated how humidity interacted with heat waves of different timings and durations to affect the life histories in an insect host-parasitoid interaction, comprising the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and its endoparasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens. Hosts parasitised as 4th instar larvae and unparasitized hosts were maintained in a high humid (60.8% RH) or low-humid (32.5% RH) environment at a constant temperature of 28℃. They were then exposed to 38℃ heatwaves with a duration of 6 or 72 hours in either the 4th or 5th instar. 3. Humidity and heat waves did not affect the adult emergence of unparasitized hosts, but longer heat waves and lower humidity increased the probability that host adults emerged from parasitized hosts, indicating the negative effect of these conditions on the survival of parasitoids. Furthermore, juvenile development time and body size of hosts and parasitoids responded differently to timing and duration of heat waves, and high humidity decreased larval development time of unparasitized hosts and increased the size of both hosts and parasitoids. In addition, humidity negatively interacted with larval stage and duration of heat waves to affect the size of unparasitized hosts, but this effect was not found in parasitoids. 4. Our results show that humidity modulates the life history of hosts and parasitoids, highlighting the importance of humidity in maintaining host-parasitoid interactions. Humidity should be considered when predicting the impact of temperature extremes on species’ population dynamics and their interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Humidity modifies age-dependent heat wave effects in an insect host-parasitoid interaction

Li,

Brough,

Rees

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While duration of heat stress did not affect the probability of host emergence directly, exposing the parasitized hosts to longer heat stress in the early life stage increased the mortality of parasitoids, including complete mortality after 72 h of exposure to heat stress, resulting in greater host emergence from parasitized hosts. This supports the general finding that parasitoids are less tolerant to heat stress than their hosts (Hance et al., 2007 ; Wenda et al., 2023 ), but emphasizes that heat stress duration and timing in particular may be fundamental to parasitoid success. Thus, the detrimental effects on parasitoids experiencing high temperatures for a long period of time can disrupt trophic interactions, and suggests that pest outbreaks might be more likely if such conditions are experienced in nature (Moore et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Humidity modifies species‐specific and age‐dependent heat stress effects in an insect host‐parasitoid interaction

Li,

Brough,

Rees

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, and may increase humidity levels, leading to coupled thermal and hydric stress. However, how humidity modulates the impacts of heat stress on species and their interactions is currently unknown. Using an insect host‐parasitoid interaction: the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and its endoparasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens, we investigated how humidity interacted with heat stress duration, applied at different host developmental stages, to affect life history traits. Hosts parasitized as 4th instar larvae and unparasitized hosts were maintained in high‐ (60.8% RH) or low‐humidity (32.5% RH) at constant 28°C. They were then exposed to a 38°C thermal stress with a duration of 0 (no heat stress), 6 or 72 h in either the 4th or 5th host instar. Neither humidity nor heat stress duration affected emergence of unparasitized hosts, but increasing heat stress duration during the 4th instar decreased parasitoid emergence irrespective of humidity. When applied during the 5th instar, increasing heat duration decreased parasitoid emergence under low humidity, but no effect of heat stress was found under high humidity. Moreover, experiencing longer heat stress in the 4th instar increased host larval development time and decreased body size under high humidity, but this effect differed under low humidity; increasing heat duration in the 5th instar decreased parasitoid body sizes only under low humidity. Larval stage and heat stress duration directly affected parasitized host survival time, with a concomitant indirect reduction of parasitoid sizes. We show that humidity modifies key life history responses of hosts and parasitoids to heat stress in species‐specific ways, highlighting the potential importance of humidity in regulating host‐parasitoid interactions and their population dynamics. Finally, we emphasize that interactions between environmental stressors need to be considered in climate change research.

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“…First, one can extend this finding to food web / multitrophic scales to see how temperature-mediated change would propagate through trophic cascades. For example, a very recent study 38 showed variation in maximum thermal tolerance limits reduced parasitoid-herbivore food web stability in a climate change context. Second, as observed in a recent study 39 , one could explore the eco-evolutionary feedback mechanisms specific to four TC components individually.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature change and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes

Ghosh,

Matthews,

Petchey

2023

Preprint

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Determining the factors that affect community stability is crucial to understand the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of global warming. We investigated how temperature change affected diversity-synchrony-stability relationships for 1,246 birds and 580 fish communities from temperate regions. We hypothesized temperature change can stabilize communities if species’ variable response to changing median temperature decreases overall community synchrony (H1), and if temperature-extremes reduce interspecific synchrony at extreme abundances due to variation in species’ thermal tolerance limits (H2). We found support for H1 in fish and for H2 in bird communities. We also found that the temperature change components (median, variability, trend, and extremes) impacted stability, predominantly, via affecting the biotic components (diversity, synchrony). Considering different temperature change components in addition to their effects on diversity and synchrony for terrestrial vs. aquatic communities will improve the mechanistic understanding of biodiversity change in response to global climatic stressors.

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Heat tolerance variation reveals vulnerability of tropical herbivore–parasitoid interactions to climate change

Cited by 10 publications

References 98 publications

Humidity modifies age-dependent heat wave effects in an insect host-parasitoid interaction

Humidity modifies age-dependent heat wave effects in an insect host-parasitoid interaction

Humidity modifies species‐specific and age‐dependent heat stress effects in an insect host‐parasitoid interaction

Temperature change and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes

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