Heat to H2: Using Waste Heat for Hydrogen Production through Reverse Electrodialysis

Krakhella, Kjersti Wergeland; Bock, Robert; Burheim, Odne Stokke; Seland, Frode; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne

doi:10.3390/en12183428

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Hydrogen allows a useful way of storing the surplus power generated by photovoltaics and wind [7]. Moreover, in place of combustion [8,9], the gasification of waste, biomass, and coal [10,11] provides a useful procedure for efficient and clean conversion, whereby the product synthesis gas (syngas) contains rather considerable portions of hydrogen. Furthermore, there is a developing tendency in hydrogen production using nuclear energy [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Combustion Models for Lifted Hydrogen Flames within RANS Framework

Benim

Pfeiffelmann

2019

Energies

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Within the framework of a Reynolds averaged numerical simulation (RANS) methodology for modeling turbulence, a comparative numerical study of turbulent lifted H 2 /N 2 flames is presented. Three different turbulent combustion models, namely, the eddy dissipation model (EDM), the eddy dissipation concept (EDC), and the composition probability density function (PDF) transport model, are considered in the analysis. A wide range of global and detailed combustion reaction mechanisms are investigated. As turbulence model, the Standard k-ε model is used, which delivered a comparatively good accuracy within an initial validation study, performed for a non-reacting H 2 /N 2 jet. The predictions for the lifted H 2 /N 2 flame are compared with the published measurements of other authors, and the relative performance of the turbulent combustion models and combustion reaction mechanisms are assessed. The flame lift-off height is taken as the measure of prediction quality. The results show that the latter depends remarkably on the reaction mechanism and the turbulent combustion model applied. It is observed that a substantially better prediction quality for the whole range of experimentally observed lift-off heights is provided by the PDF model, when applied in combination with a detailed reaction mechanism dedicated for hydrogen combustion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Combustion Models for Lifted Hydrogen Flames within RANS Framework

Benim

Pfeiffelmann

2019

Energies

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“…However, due to the large difference between the concentrations in the present work and the concentrations used by Zlotorowicz et al, the water transport number in AEM and CEM for the model is varied between 0 and 10 [18]. The permselectivity, given salt transport number equal to Equation (5), average water transport number: t w = 5 and activity coefficients following Equation (6), is plotted in Figure 3. Fumatech reports a permselectivity of 0.97-0.99 and 0.92-0.96 for FKS-50 and FAS-50 respectively [13,14] at 25 • C and 0.5 M NaCl.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conductivity measurements carried out on FAS-50 and FKS-50 soaked in up to 4.3 mol kg −1 NaCl, indicating a decrease in conductivity with increasing mean concentration. For FAS-50, the conductivity decreased from 4 to 2 mS cm −1 from 0.9 to 4.3 M in concentration at 23 • C and from 8 to 3 mS cm −1 at 40 • C. The conductivity in FKS-50 decreased from 2 to 1 mS cm −1 from 0.9 to 1.8 M and from 4 to 1 mS cm −1 from 0.9 to 1.8 M at 40 • C [5]. These measurements indicate that the calculated resistance in Figure 10b is too low.…”

Section: Stack Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The ohmic losses can be reduced by decreasing the compartment thickness, where 100 µm or lower is recommended by Vermaas et al [47]. Increasing the temperature would also decrease the resistance of the solutions [5]. Jalili et al showed a significant decrease in stack resistance, increasing the temperature from 10 • C to 80 • C. However, for the temperature range used in the present study, Jalili et al [7] did not show a prominent change in stack resistance, where the stack resistance was measured to be between 1 and 2 mΩ m 2 between 25 • C and 40 • C. It is also worth mentioning that the model in Reference [7] uses concentrations 0.01 M to 1.0 M. However, both the study by Jalili et al [7] and our work show that membranes with lower resistance should be prioritised, especially at high concentration difference and temperature.…”

Section: Stack Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system is discharged by mixing the two solutions, converting the chemical potential to electricity and decreasing the concentration difference. The very same system can also be charged using waste-heat and has hydrogen as output [5,6]. An illustration of a general energy storage system with solutions of different concentrations is given in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

et al. 2020

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Reverse electrodialysis and electrodialysis can be combined into a closed energy storage system, allowing for storing surplus energy through a salinity difference between two solutions. A closed system benefits from simple temperature control, the ability to use higher salt concentrations and mitigation of membrane fouling. In this work, the permselectivity of two membranes from Fumatech, FAS-50 and FKS-50, is found to be ranging from 0.7 to 0.5 and from 0.8 to 0.7 respectively. The maximum unit cell open-circuit voltage was measured to be 115 ± 9 mV and 118 ± 8 mV at 25 • C and 40 • C, respectively, and the power density was found to be 1.5 ± 0.2 W m -2 uc at 25 • C and 2.0 ± 0.3 W m -2 uc at 40 • C. Given a lifetime of 10 years, three hours of operation per day and 3% downtime, the membrane price can be 2.5 ± 0.3 $ m −2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 $ m −2 to match the energy price in the EU and the USA, respectively. A life-cycle analysis was conducted for a storage capacity of 1 GWh and 2 h of discharging. The global warming impact is 4.53·10 5 kg CO 2 equivalents/MWh and the cumulative energy demand is 1.61·10 3 MWh/MWh, which are 30% and 2 times higher than a lithium-ion battery pack with equivalent capacity, respectively. An electrodialytic energy storage system reaches a comparable global warming impact and a lower cumulative energy demand than a lithium-ion battery for an average life span of 20 and 3 years, respectively.

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Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Reverse Electrodialysis

Sen,

Rath,

Kamesh

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Heat to H2: Using Waste Heat for Hydrogen Production through Reverse Electrodialysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Comparison of Combustion Models for Lifted Hydrogen Flames within RANS Framework

Comparison of Combustion Models for Lifted Hydrogen Flames within RANS Framework

Electrodialytic Energy Storage System: Permselectivity, Stack Measurements and Life-Cycle Analysis

Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Reverse Electrodialysis

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