Heat stress modulates differential response in skin fibroblast cells of native cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Abstract

Heat stress in hot climates is a major cause that negatively affects dairy animals, leading to substantial economic loss. The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of heat stress on cellular and molecular levels in dermal fibroblast of cattle and buffaloes. Primary fibroblast culture was established using ear pinna tissue samples of cattle (Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis). The cells were exposed to thermal stress at 42°C for 1 h and subsequently allowed to recover and harvest at 37°C at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) along with control samples. Different cellular parameters viz., apoptosis, proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress, along with expression pattern of heat responsive genes and miRNAs were determined. Cell viability and proliferation rate of heat-stressed fibroblasts decreased significantly (P < 0.05) albeit to a different extent in both species. The cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and ΔΨm increased more significantly (P < 0.01) in heat stressed fibroblasts of buffalo than cattle. The pattern of heat shock proteins, inflammation/immune genes, and heat responsive miRNA showed differences in induction of their expression level in buffalo and native cattle fibroblasts. Conclusively, finding indicates that heat stress induces more profound impact on buffalo fibroblasts than native cattle fibroblasts. The differential response of cellular parameters, HSP genes, and miRNA expression could be due to better adaptive capacity of skin fibroblast of Bos indicus cattle in comparison with riverine buffaloes.

Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

“…Subsequently, Kishore et al [ 39 ] reported higher expression of HSP40 transcript in Holstein Friesian, compared to Sahiwal cows, during summer HS [ 37 ]. After a short-term HS (2 h) exposure, Shandilya et al [ 40 ] also reported induced mRNA expression of HSP40 and HPS70 in fibroblasts of zebu cattle. Taken together, the increase in miRNA expression in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group, in this study can be explained.…”

Adaptive and Biological Responses of Buffalo Granulosa Cells Exposed to Heat Stress under In Vitro Condition

“…Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from heat-stressed GCs in the culture media were found to be enriched in miR-1246 compared to EVs from the unstressed cells [ 15 ]. On the other hand, cattle and buffalo fibroblast cells exhibited a reduction in miR-1246 expression in the first few hours after the recovery from exposure to heat stress [ 11 ]. Additionally, the inhibition of miR-1246 improves the viability of retinal pigment epithelial cells after exposure to oxidative stress [ 43 ].…”

“…Furthermore, we analyzed the expression pattern of miR-181a and miR-27b in the different GC groups. Both miRNAs are known to be involved in heat stress and immune responses in cattle and buffalo [ 11 , 42 ]. In this study, miR-181a and miR-27b exhibited a similar pattern to miR-1246, with a more than twofold reduction in GCs cultured at 40.5 °C.…”

“…Under different stress conditions, miRNAs could partly mediate the cellular response by altering the expression of target genes and/or modulating the activity of miRNA-protein complexes [ 10 ]. A recent study by Shandilya et al [ 11 ] indicated that cellular and molecular responses to heat stress, including gene and miRNA expression, are correlated with species-specific adaptive capacity. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the cellular tolerance and response to heat stress in different mammalian species will provide more insights into the diverse range of adaptation mechanisms of these species under different environmental conditions.…”

Expression of heat shock protein genes in Simmental cattle exposed to heat stress

“…Among the HSP protein family, the HSP70 proteins have the most sensitive response to changes in environmental temperature [7]. In cattle the relationship between gene expression and heat stress have been studied for the HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 genes in Bos taurus indicus [8,9,10,11,12] and Bos taurus taurus [5,13]. Despite to the progress of research in this topic, only one report in Simmental cattle have been published on the regulation of expression of HSP70 gene but, none on the regulation of expression of HSP60 and HSP90 genes under heat stress.…”