Heat Stress in Wheat during Reproductive and Grain-Filling Phases

Farooq, Muhammad; Bramley, Helen; Palta, Jairo A.; Siddique, Kadambot H. M.

doi:10.1080/07352689.2011.615687

Cited by 728 publications

(563 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Moreover, thylakoid components are broken down in plants subjected to heat stress. Maintenance of greater endogenous levels of chlorophyll is taken as an indicator for heat stress tolerance in plants (Farooq et al, 2011). In the present study, Pak-Afgoi had higher endogenous levels of chlorophyll than that of EV-5098 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Heat shock increases oxidative stress to modulate growth and physico-chemical attributes in diverse maize cultivars

Hussain

Ashraf

Rasheed

et al. 2016

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. The present investigation was conducted to appraise the physiochemical adjustments in contrasting maize cultivars, namely, PakAfgoi (tolerant) and EV-5098 (sensitive) subjected to heat shock. Seven-day-old seedlings were exposed to heat shock for different time intervals (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h) and data for various physiochemical attributes determined to appraise time course changes in maize. After 72 h of heat shock, the plants were grown under normal conditions for 5 d and data for different growth attributes and photosynthetic pigments recorded. Exposure to heat shock reduced growth and photosynthetic pigments in maize cultivars. The plants exposed to heat shock for up to 3 h recovered growth and photosynthetic pigments when stress was relieved. A time course rise in the relative membrane permeability, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde contents was recorded particularly in the EV-5098 indicating that heat shock-induced oxidative stress. Activities of different enzymatic antioxidants greatly altered due to heat shock. For instance, an increase in superoxide dismutase activity was recorded in both maize cultivars. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase was greater in Pak-Afgoi. However, the peroxidase and catalase activities were higher in plants of . Heat shock caused a significant rise in the proline and decline in the total free amino acids. Overall, the performance of Pak-Afgoi was better in terms of having lesser oxidative damage and greater cellular levels of proline. The results suggested that oxidative stress indicators (relative membrane permeability, H 2 O 2 and malondialdehyde) and proline can be used as markers for heat shock tolerant plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Heat shock increases oxidative stress to modulate growth and physico-chemical attributes in diverse maize cultivars

Hussain

Ashraf

Rasheed

et al. 2016

International Agrophysics

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“…Salt stress limits photosynthesis due to a decline in activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME). Moreover, noncyclic electron transport is downregulated to match the reduced requirements of reduced (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) production and thus reduces adenosine triphosphate synthesis 2.4 Grain development and yield Grain weight and number are important indicators for appraising final grain yield of cereals (Farooq et al 2011. Salt stress in maize, during the reproductive phase, decreases grain weight (Abdullah et al 2001;Kaya et al 2013) and number (Abdullah et al 2001;Schubert et al 2009;Kaya et al 2013), resulting in substantial reductions in grain yield (Abdullah et al 2001;Schubert et al 2009;Kaya et al 2013).…”

Section: Diminished Activities Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Farooq

Hussain

Wakeel

et al. 2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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525

352

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Maize is grown under a wide spectrum of soil and climatic conditions. Maize is moderately sensitive to salt stress; therefore, soil salinity is a serious threat to its production worldwide. Understanding maize response to salt stress and resistance mechanisms and overviewing management options may help to devise strategies for improved maize performance in saline environments. Here, we reviewed the effects, resistance mechanisms, and management of salt stress in maize. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) germination and stand establishment are more sensitive to salt stress than later developmental stages. (2) High rhizosphere sodium and chloride decrease plant uptake of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron. (3) Reduced grain weight and number are responsible for low grain yield in maize under salt stress. Sink limitations and reduced acid invertase activity in developing grains is responsible for poor kernel setting under salt stress. (4) Exclusion of excessive sodium or its compartmentation into vacuoles is an important adaptive strategy for maize under salt stress. (5) Apoplastic acidification, required for cell wall extensibility, is an important indicator of salt resistance, but not essential for better maize growth under salt stress. (6) Upregulation of antioxidant defense genes and β-expansin proteins is important for salt resistance in maize. (7) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve salt resistance in maize due to better plant nutrient availability. (8) Seed priming is an effective approach for improving maize germination under salt stress. (9) Integration of screening, breeding and ion homeostasis mechanisms into a functional paradigm for the whole plant may help to enhance salt resistance in maize.

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“…Wheat plants were more sensitive to high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages than in vegetative stages (Farooq et al 2011). Seed set mainly depends on the functionality of male and female gametes (pollen and ovule respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

Prasad

Djanaguiraman

2014

Functional Plant Biol.

228

199

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Abstract. Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of crop development cause significant yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat plants of cultivar Chinese Spring were grown at various temperature regimes at several stages of reproductive development for different durations. The objectives of this research were to (i) identify the stage(s) most sensitive to HT stress during reproductive development, and (ii) determine threshold temperature and duration of HT stress that decrease floret fertility and individual grain weight. Two periods (first at 8-6 days before anthesis and second at 2-0 days before anthesis) during reproductive development were most sensitive to short episodes (2 or 5 days) of HT stress, causing maximum decreases in floret fertility. Short episodes (5 days) of mean daily temperatures >24 C imposed at start of heading quadratically decreased floret fertility, with the values reaching close to 0% around mean daily temperature of 35 C; and floret fertility and individual grain weight decreased linearly with increasing duration (in the range from 2 to 30 days) of HT stress when imposed at start of heading or start of grain filling respectively. HT stress caused morphological abnormalities in pollen, stigma and style. The combination of lower floret fertility (leading to decreased grain numbers) and decreased individual grain weights can cause significant decreases in grain yield. Further research to search for genetic variability for these traits and use them in breeding programs to develop tolerant genotypes that can provide yield stability under current and future climates is warranted.

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Heat Stress in Wheat during Reproductive and Grain-Filling Phases

Cited by 728 publications

References 164 publications

Heat shock increases oxidative stress to modulate growth and physico-chemical attributes in diverse maize cultivars

Heat shock increases oxidative stress to modulate growth and physico-chemical attributes in diverse maize cultivars

Salt stress in maize: effects, resistance mechanisms, and management. A review

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

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