Heat Stress Adaptation within Informal, Low-Income Urban Settlements in Africa

Laue, Franziska; Adegun, Olumuyiwa Bayode; Ley, Astrid

doi:10.3390/su14138182

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The escalating threat of this change has prompted the need for sustainable building practices and urgent consideration of building efficiency, construction methods and materials worldwide. As more buildings are erected to meet the growing population's demand, there will be dramatic heat stress and higher energy demand, particularly for cooling (Dodoo, 2020;Laue et al, 2022;Mahmoud & Ragab, 2021). According to the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change IPCC, Urban sprawl intensifies human-induced warming locally.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the potential impact of carbon emissions is likely to be more detrimental in Nigeria. Climate projections indicate that overheating and consistently high temperatures will be prevalent in the future across Africa (Laue et al, 2022); It is essential that while retrofitting existing housing stock remains crucial for buildings to adapt to future climate, the focus for developing countries should be geared towards strategies and policy development (Kristl et al, 2020). One of the concerns for professionals in the built environment, especially architects, is the consideration of the building's energy efficiency, emissions and occupant's comfort in the preliminary stages of building designs.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate resilience and energy performance of future buildings in Nigeria based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

Alegbe,

Mtaver

2023

DRArch

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The predicted rise in global temperature by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC appeals for a review of the methods and materials used for building construction for reduced emissions and comfort in buildings. Buildings account for the most carbon emissions in the globe. This study presents the impact of temperature change across the 36 state capitals in Nigeria, and the Federal Capital Territory, FCT, based on Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs 4.5 for 2020 and 8.5 for 2090. A simple studio apartment with optimised alternatives for retrofits and new builds was simulated using EnergyPlus for both climate scenarios to determine the strategies for improving the energy performance of future buildings. The result of the study shows a significant increase in mean monthly outdoor temperature of about 5⁰c across the states, with potential heat stress affecting buildings in future climates. Moreover, about one-third of the locations experience a shift in climatic zones to hotter ones. The impact of this climate drift will be more severe in the Northcentral and Southwest regions of the country. The design strategies recommended to mitigate the effects of a changing climate focused on building envelope insulation, thermal mass, and solar shading. The performance of the optimised models under future scenarios accounts for up to 25% and 73% savings in cooling energy for retrofits and new builds, respectively. To protect existing buildings from the impact of future climates, developers must make massive investments in solar shading of buildings. In contrast, a combination of envelope insulation and solar shading strategies proves effective for new builds.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate resilience and energy performance of future buildings in Nigeria based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

Alegbe,

Mtaver

2023

DRArch

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“…-Severe cognitive impairment (8)(9)(10). Third tool: Pre-post knowledge questionnaire, structured by the researchers based on the related review literatures and mainly on the study of Mustafa A. et al, 2018 [16], to assess the community dwelling older adults' knowledge regarding HS.…”

Section: Second Tool: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (Spmsq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, Egypt is exposed to increasingly irregular weather events due to global climate change. This can affect vulnerable populations as "deaths were blamed on overpopulation and cramped living conditions", usually within informal settlements [8]. Through the heat wave of Egypt 2018, there was 65 victims from older adults within three days because of the temperature which reached around 47°c (116 F).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Heat Stroke Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Effect of an Awareness Program

Abdallah

Fahmei

Alagamy

2023

Egyptian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

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Introduction: Heat stroke (HS) is a severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 40.0°C. Heat intensity among older adults is life-threatening because of potential complications such as epileptic fits or renal failure. Older adults are especially vulnerable to develop HS rather than any age group related to normal age-related changes. Aim: To determine the effect of the awareness program on knowledge, perception and practice of communitydwelling older adults regarding HS prevention. Research design: A quasi experimental pre-posttest design was used. Setting: The study was carried out at Al Sabeen Fadan primary health care center in Al Moquattam zone, Cairo governorate, Egypt. Sampling: A convenience sample of 112 community-dwelling older adults -out of the center attendees-were included in the present study. Tools: Five tools were used: 1-socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data of communitydwelling older adults' Structured Interview Schedule Questionnaire Form, 2-Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), 3-Pre-Post knowledge assessment questionnaire, 4-prepost perception assessment questionnaire and 5-pre-post practice assessment questionnaire. Results: 69.6% of the older adults improved their knowledge regarding indoor & outdoor preventive measures to reduce the risk of HS and 64.3% regarding the first aid & management measures of suspected HS victims. There is a development in the positive perception regarding the prevention of HS through the post-test, which developed to 80.4%. In addition to improvement of the older adults' total adequate practices regarding the prevention of HS through the post-test (89.3%) with a highly statistical significant difference p= 0.001. Conclusion: The conducted awareness program proved a significant positive impact on knowledge, perception and practices among community-dwelling older adults regarding the prevention of HS. Recommendation: HS awareness programs can be conducted at other governorates among community-dwelling older adults and then can be generalized at allover Egypt governorates to save this vulnerable age group from HS.

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“…Since a majority of these people are in hot, tropical LMI countries, cooling is the fastest growing use of energy and is expected to drive peak energy demand . The inability to afford energy-intensive cooling appliances and inefficient building envelopes make residents of informal buildings in LMI countries especially susceptible to heat stress and necessitate a deeper study into thermal comfort with respect to the energy demand and emissions from residential buildings. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Iyer

Rao

Hertwich

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Urbanization, slum redevelopment, and population growth will lead to unprecedented levels of residential building construction in “low- and middle-income” (LMI) countries in the coming decades. However, less than 50% of previous residential building life-cycle assessment (LCA) reviews included LMI countries. Moreover, all reviews that included LMI countries only considered formal (cement–concrete) buildings, while more than 800 million people in these countries lived in informal settlements. We analyze LCA literature and define three building types based on durability: formal, semiformal, and informal. These exhaustively represent residential buildings in LMI countries. For each type, we define dominant archetypes from across the world, based on construction materials. To address the data deficiency and lack of transparency in LCA studies, we develop a reproducibility metric for building LCAs. We find that the countries with the most reproducible studies are India, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Mexico, and Brazil. Only 7 out of 54 African countries have reproducible studies focused on either the embodied or use phase. Maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life phases are included in hardly any studies in the LMI LCA literature. Lastly, we highlight the necessity for studying current, traditional buildings to provide a benchmark for future studies focusing on energy and material efficiency strategies.

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Heat Stress Adaptation within Informal, Low-Income Urban Settlements in Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Climate resilience and energy performance of future buildings in Nigeria based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

Climate resilience and energy performance of future buildings in Nigeria based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

Prevention of Heat Stroke Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Effect of an Awareness Program

Review of Urban Building Types and Their Energy Use and Carbon Emissions in Life-Cycle Analyses from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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