Heat sterilization of ash (Fraxinusspp.) firewood: Heat-treating options, temperature monitoring and thermal verification

A new forest pest in Europe: a review of Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) invasion

“…Only the adults occur outside the bark – average longevity is 7 – 9 weeks for females and 6 – 7 weeks for males – feeding on leaves of their host trees following emergence (Wang et al. ,b; Jennings et al. ).…”

“…The reproductive system of adults matures after about 1 week, and they start mating (Wang et al. ,b). The females lay individual eggs in bark cracks and crevices after at least 2 weeks of additional foliage feeding, and eggs start hatching after 1–2 weeks (Poland et al.…”

“…The larvae of EAB progress through four instars feeding on the phloem of ash trees, but larvae also enter the xylem in the early larval stages if the phloem and cambium have been entirely consumed due to high larval densities (Wang et al. ,b). Larval feeding creates distinctive serpentine‐shaped galleries (fig.…”

“…e) in the phloem and outer xylem before the larvae create a pupal chamber in the outer sapwood where they overwinter as mature larvae, pre‐pupae or pupate (Wang et al. ,b; Fig E). Larvae preferentially feed progressively downwards (Chen et al.…”

“…For more details on general EAB biology, see Wang et al. (,b), Poland et al. () and Van Driesche and Reardon (), while Orlova‐Bienkowskaja and Bieńkowski () analysed the life cycle of EAB in European Russia.…”