Heat shock sensitivity of adult male fertility in the parasitoid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)

Chevrier, Claude; Nguyen, Thanh; Bressac, Christophe

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102419

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Together, these studies suggest that there are several time points with heightened temperature sensitivity throughout male reproductive development. Heat shock treatments applied on adults have also been found to decrease numbers of transferred sperm and reduce fertility (Chevrier et al, 2019;Sales et al, 2018Sales et al, , 2021, but considering the data presented here and in Sales et al (2021), such effects may be reversible in most cases. Similar changes in the morphology of female reproductive organs (i.e., smaller ovaries) combined with a strong reduction in egg number have also been reported for flies of the species Drosophila suzukii developing at elevated temperature (Kirk Green et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility

Baur

Jagusch

Michalak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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1. To mitigate effects of climate change it is important to understand species responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent. 2. Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF. 3. Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short-term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress. 4. Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection. 5. We hypothesized that an increase in male-induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects. 6. Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates, and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study therefore also provides mechanistic understanding for the variability in previously reported TSFs which can inform future experimental assays and predictions of species responses to climate warming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility

Baur

Jagusch

Michalak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Additionally, thrips productivity appeared to increase with temperature for screen cages, but again, it was only weakly correlated and a drop in productivity was observed in mid-summer. We analyzed mean temperatures over the course of the entire generation for each batch, but it has been shown that temporary and/or repeated exposures to extreme temperatures can impact fitness in other insects [ 35 , 36 ]. This remains for a future study in which the impacts of extremes and their duration of exposure will be quantitatively studied for P. ichini .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Mass Rearing Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree in Florida

Halbritter

Rayamajhi

Wheeler

et al. 2021

Insects

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Pseudophilothrips ichini is a recently approved biological control agent for the highly invasive Brazilian peppertree in Florida, USA. Prior to approval for field release in 2019, thrips colonies used for host specificity testing were produced and maintained in small cylinders to fit in restricted quarantine spaces. This next segment in the classical biological control pipeline is mass production and distribution of P. ichini. To accomplish this, we developed novel techniques to expand from small colony maintenance to large-scale production. We first quantified the productivity of the small cylinders, each containing a 3.8 L potted plant and producing an average of 368 thrips per generation. Given the amount of maintenance the cylinders required, we investigated larger cages to see if greater numbers of thrips could be produced with less effort. Acrylic boxes (81.5 × 39.5 × 39.5 cm) each contained two 3.8 L plants and produced an average of 679 thrips per generation. The final advancement was large, thrips-proof Lumite® screen cages (1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 m) that each held six plants in 11.4 L pots and produced 13,864 thrips in as little as 5 wk. Screen cages and cylinders had the greatest thrips fold production, but screen cages required ten times less labor per thrips compared to either cylinders or boxes. The efficiency of these large screen cages ensured sustained mass production and field release capacity in Schinus-infested landscapes. The screen cage method is adapted and used by collaborators, and this will expand the literature on beneficial thrips mass rearing methods.

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“…For example, in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala , egg and early‐stage larvae are less tolerant to heat stress than later developmental stages (Davison, 1969). Thus, in the current context, given spermatogenesis is a protracted process, in which the production of functional sperm during the later stages of development relies on the successful organogenesis of the testes during earlier stages of development, then it is likely the process will be more or less sensitive to temperature stress during different stages of ontogeny (Boivin et al ., 2005; Chevrier et al ., 2019). However, very little is known about the sensitivity of spermatogenesis to thermal stress when applied at the different stages of development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐specific sensitivity of sperm length and testes size to developmental temperature in the bruchid beetle

2021

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In an era of global warming, the negative effects of temperature stress on fertility could intensify predicted losses of biodiversity. Male fertility is particularly sensitive to temperature stress, yet we have an incomplete understanding of when, during reproductive ontogeny, spermatogenesis is most affected. Here, we used a temperature-switch protocol to identify when during development temperature affects the expression of sperm length and testes size in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Egg-to-adult development took place at 17°C, 27°C or 33°C for either the full duration of pre-imago development or it was switched at different stages during development. Full development at 17°C or 33°C resulted in significantly shorter sperm than at 27°C. However, when developing larvae were switched to higher or lower temperatures, we observed switch-specific phenotypic expression of sperm length and testes size. Our key finding was that sperm length was sensitive to high-temperature stress during the early stages of ontogeny and to low-temperature stress during the latter stages of ontogeny. Such age-specific developmental sensitivity suggests that infertility resulting from transient heat stress (i.e. heatwaves) could be mitigated by age-related developmental heterogeneity within populations. Those individuals able to avoid severe effects of heat stress on fertility, through serendipitously being at less-sensitive stages of development, could potentially compensate for the loss of fertility experienced by those individuals at more sensitive stages of development.

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Heat shock sensitivity of adult male fertility in the parasitoid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility

The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility

Advances in Mass Rearing Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree in Florida

Age‐specific sensitivity of sperm length and testes size to developmental temperature in the bruchid beetle

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