Heat-Shock Resistance in Drosophila Populations: Analysis of Variation in Reciprocal Cross Progeny

Krebs, Robert A.; Torre, Vittoria La; Loeschcke, Volker; Cavicchi, Sandro

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00047.x

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The variation in survival, courtship, mating and flight among the populations of D. mojavensis exceeds that typically found in other better‐studied species of Drosophila , notably D. melanogaster (Krebs et al ., 1996; Guerra et al ., 1997; Hoffmann et al ., 2001) and D. buzzatii (Krebs & Loeschcke, 1995), a cactophilic species related to D. mojavensis (Durando et al ., 2000). The strain most tolerant of an extreme stress, one that may kill, was from Santa Catalina Island, but this strain was only intermediate in tolerance based on ability to maintain courtship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

A comparison of behavioural change in Drosophila during exposure to thermal stress

Fasolo¹,

Krebs²

2004

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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In order to understand how adaptive tolerance to stress has evolved, we compared related species and populations of Drosophila for a variety of fitness relevant traits while flies directly experienced the stress. Two main questions were addressed. First, how much variation exists in the frequency of both courtship and mating among D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mojavensis when each are exposed to a range of temperatures? Second, how does variation in these same behaviours compare among four geographically isolated populations of D. mojavensis, a desert species with a well defined ecology? Our hierarchical study demonstrated that mating success under stress can vary as much between related species, such as D. melanogaster and D. simulans, as between the ecologically disparate pair, D. melanogaster and D. mojavensis. Strains of this latter desert species likewise varied in tolerance, with differences approaching the levels observed among species. The consequences of stress on male courtship differed markedly from those on female receptivity to courtship, as mating behaviours among species and among strains of D. mojavensis varied in subtle but significant ways. Finally, a comparison of variation in thermotolerance of F 1 hybrids between the two most extreme D. mojavensis populations confirmed that genetic variation underlying traits such as survival or the ability to fly after heat stress is completely different.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

A comparison of behavioural change in Drosophila during exposure to thermal stress

Fasolo¹,

Krebs²

2004

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Clinal variation in traits represents an excellent opportunity to dissect genetic variation under selection. Lines from cline ends can be crossed, an approach that was followed for size (Calboli, Kennington & Partridge, 2003) and heat resistance (Krebs et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between inversion In(3R)Payne and clinally varying traits in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2006

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In Drosophila melanogaster, inversion In(3R)Payne increases in frequency towards low latitudes and has been putatively associated with variation in size and thermal resistance, traits that also vary clinally. To assess the association between size and inversion, we obtained isofemale lines of inverted and standard karyotype of In(3R)Payne from the ends of the Australian D. melanogaster east coast cline. In the northern population, there was a significant association between In(3R)Payne and body size, with standard lines from this population being relatively larger than inverted lines. In contrast, the inversion had no influence on development time or cold resistance. We strengthened our findings further in a separate study with flies from populations from the middle of the cline as well as from the cline ends. These flies were scored for wing size and the presence of In(3R)Payne using a molecular marker. In females, the inversion accounted for around 30% of the size difference between cline ends, while in males the equivalent figure was 60%. Adaptive shifts in size but not in the other traits are therefore likely to have involved genes closely associated with In(3R)Payne. Because the size difference between karyotypes was similar in different populations, there was no evidence for coadaptation within populations.

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“…The simulations predict lower levels of variation for such a system. Resistance to high temperature is generally regarded to be a polygenic trait (Cavicchi et al 1995;Krebs et al 1996;Loeschcke et al 1997) and based on micro-array expression patterns many genes and processes are changing under short heat shocks . However, recessive highly detrimental alleles that are expressed at higher temperatures are also well documented in Drosophila (Lindsley and Grell 1968;Suzuki 1970) and extracted from natural populations (Dobzhansky et al 1955;Tobari 1966).…”

Section: Initial Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of fragmentation for the ability to adapt to novel environments in experimental Drosophila metapopulations

et al. 2010

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We used experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster, which had either been subdivided (metapopulations) or kept undivided for 40 generations, to study the consequences of population subdivision for the tolerance and adaptive response after six generations of exposure to novel environmental factors (high temperature, medium with ethanol or salt added) for traits with different genetic architectures. In this setup, we attempted to separate the effects of the loss of fitness due to inbreeding (i.e., the survival upon first exposure to stress) from the loss of adaptive potential due to the lack of genetic variation. To place our experimental results in a more general perspective, we used individual-based simulations combining different options of levels of gene flow, intensity of selection and genetic architecture to derive quantitative hypotheses of the effects of these factors on the adaptive response to stress. We observed that population subdivision resulted in substantial inter-deme variation in tolerance due to redistribution of genetic variation from within demes to among demes. In line with the simulation results, the adaptive response was generally lower in the subdivided than in the undivided populations, particularly so for high temperature. We observed pronounced differences between stress factors that are likely related to the different genetic architectures involved in resistance to these factors. From a conservation genetics viewpoint, our results have two important implications: (i) Long-term fragmentation in combination with restricted gene flow will limit the adaptive potential of individual subpopulations because adaptive variation will become distributed among populations rather than within populations. (ii) The genetic architecture of the trait(s) under selection is of great significance to understand the possible responses to novel stresses that may be expected.

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Heat-Shock Resistance in Drosophila Populations: Analysis of Variation in Reciprocal Cross Progeny

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

A comparison of behavioural change in Drosophila during exposure to thermal stress

A comparison of behavioural change in Drosophila during exposure to thermal stress

The association between inversion In(3R)Payne and clinally varying traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Consequences of fragmentation for the ability to adapt to novel environments in experimental Drosophila metapopulations

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