Heat Shock Factor 1 Inducers from the Bark of Eucommia ulmoides as Cytoprotective Agents

Abstract

The barks of Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiae Cortex, Eucommiaceae) have been used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China to treat hypertension, reinforce the muscles and bones, and recover the damaged liver and kidney functions. Among these traditional uses, to establish the recovery effects on the damaged organs on the basis of phytochemistry, the barks of E. ulmoides have been investigated to afford three known phenolic compounds, coniferaldehyde glucoside (1), bartsioside (2), and feretoside (3), which were found in the family Eucommiaceae for the first time. The compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their inducible activities on the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and heat shock proteins (HSPs) 27 and 70, along with four compounds, geniposide (4), geniposidic acid (5), pinoresinol diglucoside (6), and liriodendrin (7), which were previously reported from E. ulmoides. Compounds 1-7 increased expression of HSF1 by a factor of 1.214, 1.144, 1.153, 1.114, 1.159, 1.041, and 1.167 at 3 μM, respectively. Coniferaldehyde glucoside (1) showed the most effective increase of HSF1 and induced successive expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 in a dose-dependent manner without cellular cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible application as a HSP inducer to act as cytoprotective agent.

Utilization of circular dichroism experiment to distinguish acanthoside D and eleutheroside E

“…Acanthoside D is identical with liriodendrin which has been reported as one of major constituents of E. ulmoides (Deyama 1983;Feng et al 2007;Nam et al 2013). Thus we chose this plant to isolate acanthoside D (=liriodendrin).…”

Coniferyl Aldehyde Reduces Radiation Damage Through Increased Protein Stability of Heat Shock Transcriptional Factor 1 by Phosphorylation

“…E1; available online at www.redjournal.com) isolated from bark of Eucommia ulmoides to identify induction of HSPs and HSF1, using L132 normal lung cells. CA glucoside induced the highest expression of HSPs and HSF1 expression among the compounds tested (17). The glucoside-free form of CA exhibited similar effects on the patterns of expression of HSF1 and HSPs in the glucoside form, and thus, the glucoside-free form of CA was used during our experiments ( Fig.…”

“…E1; available online at www. redjournal.com) (17). Compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and diluted in cell culture medium.…”

“…The present study investigated whether coniferyl aldehyde (CA), which was isolated from natural products (17), activates HSF1 to protect normal cells against radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.…”

Coniferyl Aldehyde Attenuates Radiation Enteropathy by Inhibiting Cell Death and Promoting Endothelial Cell Function

“…CA possesses five-fold higher anti-inflammatory activity than that of aspirin [ 9 ] as well as potent anti-platelet aggregation activity [ 8 ]. Our previous study revealed a new function of CA as a potent inducer of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which upregulates heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP27 and HSP70 [ 14 ]. HSPs protect cells from various stimuli, including oxidative stress, heat, and radiation [ 15 , 16 ].…”