Heat production in growing pigs calculated according to the RQ and CN methods

Christensen, K.; Chwalibog, A.; Henckel, S.; Thorbek, G.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(88)90619-6

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The HE found by the RQ‐method was 2.2% higher than that found by the CN method. The difference was likely because of a slight underestimation of HE(CN) as a result of losses in excreta ( Just et al, 1982) and to a slight overestimation of HE(RQ) ( Christensen et al, 1988). The high RQ values in late pregnancy in the present study was in agreement with the results found by Kirchgessner and Müller (1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein

Theil¹,

Jørgensen²,

Jakobsen³

2002

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The present study was performed to quantify the energy and nutrient metabolism of pregnant sows fed high (HP) or low (LP) dietary protein [18.3 vs. 13.5% of dry matter (DM)]. A total of nine sows (four on HP and five on LP diet) were subjected to balance and respiration trials four times during their second pregnancy (approximately on days 30, 61, 80 and 104 of gestation). The digestibility of protein (83.0 vs. 79.9) (p < 0.01) and energy (84.9 vs. 83.7%) (p < 0.05) was higher for the HP diet. Daily intake of metabolizable energy (ME) and retained energy (RE) were similar for the two groups, with an average of 28.37 MJ ME and 3.94 MJ RE, respectively. Heat production (HE) measured according to the respiratory quotient (RQ) and carbon-nitrogen (CN) method was similar (464 vs. 454 kJ/kg 0.75/day, respectively). Sows fed HP retained more energy in protein (3.33 vs. 2.00 MJ/day) (p < 0.001) and tended to retain less energy in fat (1.59 vs. 2.50 MJ/day) than LP sows. Retained nitrogen (N) (22.3 vs. 13.4 g/day) (p < 0.001) and utilization of N (retained/digested) (45.2 vs. 38.1%) was higher for HP sows compared with LP sows. In late pregnancy, retained N, retained fat, HE and oxidation of carbohydrates increased, while oxidation of fat was reduced to zero. In conclusion, both diets provided adequate N for retention in maternal tissue and conception products. In spite of the lower utilization of N in LP sows, the N excretion was depressed by 5.6 g/day compared with HP sows, because of the lower N intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of retained protein (RP) was based on the N balance. HE was calculated by the respiratory quotient (RQ) method [HE(RQ)] according to Brouwer (1965) and by the CN method [HE(CN)] as described by Christensen et al (1988).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein

Theil¹,

Jørgensen²,

Jakobsen³

2002

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…In contrast, the CN-method estimated sow HE 7.6% lower than the RQ-method, probably because the N-balance was overestimated. Differences between the RQ-and CN-methods are normally small, but may be influenced by fat metabolism and other factors as found in growing pigs (Christensen et al, 1988), while no studies comparing the two methods in lactating sows seem to have been performed. Conversely, the sow factorial method overestimated the sow HE, especially in late lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retained energy was the sum of retained energy in protein and fat. Energy retained in protein (RP) was calculated based on the N balance (g d -1 ), while energy retained in fat (RF) was calculated by means of the carbon balance, corrected for retained carbon in protein as described by Christensen et al (1988).…”

Section: Cn-methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological considerations as to quantify nutrient and energy metabolism in lactating sows

Jakobsen¹,

Theil²,

Jørgensen³

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy metabolism were studied in 8 lactating sows with their litters. Intake of nutrients and energy and excretion in faeces, urine and milk were studied in digestibility and nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) balances, while indirect calorimetry was used to quantify heat (HE) and methane (CH 4 ) production. As the piglets have to join the sow during measurements total HE (sow + piglets) was measured. In order to separate total HE into sow HE and piglet HE different methods were used. The sow milk production was measured by deuterated water (D 2 O) dilution. By using doubly labelled water (D 2 18 O) in three piglets per litter, the CO 2 production of the piglets was measured simultaneously with milk production with high accuracy. The sow HE was measured from heart rate by implantation of a telemetric transmitter. In addition total HE could be separated into sow HE and piglet HE by dividing the gas exchange according to metabolic liveweight (LW, kg 0.75 ) of sow and piglets and by using factorial methods for sow and piglets. The physical activity of the sow was recorded by means of a photocell. Advantages and disadvantages by using the different methods are discussed.

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“…La producción de calor del animal es usualmente determinado por el cociente de respiración (RQ), el cual muestra la tasa de dióxido de carbono producido de acuerdo a la cantidad de oxígeno usado (Christensen et al, 1988):…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Llamas y cambio climático; intercambio de oxígeno y emisión de gases de efecto invernadero comparados con ovinos y caprinos, por influencia de índices de consumo y coeficientes respiratorios

Tejada¹,

Estrada²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2015

Rev. Investig. Altoandin. - RIA -

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<p>Se inculpa a la ganadería como uno de los sectores causantes del cambio del clima; el dióxido de carbono (CO2) y el metano (CH4) son gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) que más contribuyen al calentamiento global. Ambos GEI son emitidos por la actividad ganadera. Se midieron índices de consumo, coeficientes respiratorios (RQ), e intercambio de ambos GEI (IGEI). Un total de 18 animales hembras vírgenes, incluyendo seis llamas k`haras, seis ovejas Shropshire y seis cabras Danish Landrace fueron usadas bajo diseño cruzado en dos periodos. Mitad de los animales fueron alimentados con baja calidad (BP) o alta calidad (AP) de alimento durante cada periodo. Los animales permanecieron en cajas metabólicas los últimos cinco días y en cámaras de respiración de calorimetría indirecta por 22 horas. RQ e IGEI de animales en ayunas se estimaron medidas de tendencia central. El consumo de MS por kg0.75 fue menor en llamas y ovejas, pero no en cabras, con dieta BP comparada con la AP. Llamas presentaron menor emisión de CH4 y de CO2 que ovejas y cabras: AP(0.89vs1.60 and 1.22 l*d−1*kg−0.75, p<0.05) y BP(0.78vs1.05 and 1.06 l*d−1*kg−0.75, p<0.05), respectivamente; y también menor emisión de CO2 que ovejas y cabras: AP(16.18vs21.31 and 19.59 l*d−1*kg−0.75, p<0.05) y BP(12.42vs15.42 and 16.39 l*d−1*kg−0.75, p<0.05), respectivamente. Las llamas aprovechan mejor los recursos naturales en pastizales pobres, emiten menos GEI que otros rumiantes y son productivamente más amigables con el ecosistema.</p>

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Heat production in growing pigs calculated according to the RQ and CN methods

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein

Energy and protein metabolism in pregnant sows fed two levels of dietary protein

Methodological considerations as to quantify nutrient and energy metabolism in lactating sows

Llamas y cambio climático; intercambio de oxígeno y emisión de gases de efecto invernadero comparados con ovinos y caprinos, por influencia de índices de consumo y coeficientes respiratorios

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