Heat pipe research and development in east european countries

Polasek, F.

doi:10.1016/0890-4332(89)90138-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is about three orders of magnitude higher than the maximum level for effective heat pipe operation. The addition of a small percentage of iodine reduces the viscosity to a level that may be acceptable for reasonable heat pipe operation (Polasek andStulc, 1976, Timrot et al, 1981). A potential problem with both sulfur, and sulfur/iodine mixes is that they react strongly with many envelope materials.…”

Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Polasek, 1989) Sulfur -10% I/SS Short Term 623 (350°C)/1,008 hrs./304 SS (Anderson, 2004) 973 K(700°C)/740 hrs. (Polasek, 1989) 893 K(620°C)/740 hrs. (Polasek, 1989) 833 K(560°C)/8,000 hrs.…”

Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Polasek, 1989) 893 K(620°C)/740 hrs. (Polasek, 1989) 833 K(560°C)/8,000 hrs. (Polasek, 1989) Sulfur -10% I /Al 623 (350°C)/1,028 hrs./5052 Al (Anderson, 2004) Sulfur -10% I /Ti 623 (350°C)/1,000 hrs./Ti-6Al-4V (Anderson, 2004) 523 (250°C)/24 hrs./CP-Ti (Anderson, 2004) Sulfur -10% I /Nb 623 (350°C)/950 hrs./Nb-1% Zr (Anderson, 2004) Mercury/SS 603 (330°C)/10,000 hrs./347 SS (Deverall, 1971, Reid 1991…”

Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Life Tests and Analyses

Anderson

Tamanna

Tarau

et al. 2013

43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems

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There are a number of applications that could use heat pipes or loop heat pipes (LHPs) in the intermediate temperature range of 450 to 750 K, including space nuclear power system radiators, fuel cells, geothermal power, waste heat recovery systems, and high temperature electronics cooling. Since 2004, we have been conducting life tests at temperatures up to 550 K with water and Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 (CP-Ti), titanium alloys, Monel 400, and Monel K500 heat pipes. Since 2006, life tests have been conducted at temperatures up to 673 K with titanium and Hastelloy B-3, C-22, and C-2000 envelopes paired with AlBr 3 , GaCl 3 , SnCl 4 , TiCl 4 , and TiBr 4 halide working fluids. Recently, roughly half of these heat pipes were selected for destructive evaluation. The working fluids were analyzed, and sections of the heat pipes were examined to determine the type and amount of corrosion in the wicks and heat pipes. The results showed that Titanium/water and Monel/water heat pipes are suitable for temperatures up to 550 K. Analysis of titanium/water heat pipe crosssections using optical and electron microscopy revealed little if any corrosion even when observed at high magnifications. Copper depleted zones, as well as copper surface nodules formed on the Monel 400 screen wick, but not on the Monel K500 envelopes. An analysis of the water working fluids showed minimal pickup of metals. The long terms tests also established that Titanium/TiBr 4 at 653 K, and Hastelloy B-3, C-22 and C-2000/AlBr 3 at 673 K were compatible. Hastelloy C-2000 underwent little corrosion when used with TiCl 4 working fluid. Hastelloy C-22 exhibited a 5-10 micrometer thick dual corrosion layer when tested with AlBr 3 working fluid. The results indicate that the tested envelope materials and working fluids can form viable material/working fluid combinations.

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Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Elements -Sulfur S/i and Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Life Tests and Analyses

Anderson

Tamanna

Tarau

et al. 2013

43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems

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“…The concept is described in one form by Azad et al 6 The use of individual heat pipes linking to water stores is also cited by Polasek. 7 Work on heat pipes and their applications in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) was perhaps more prolific than anywhere else in the world. One of the laboratories most involved with 'terrestrial' uses was the Luikov Heat & Mass Transfer Institute in Minsk, Belarus.…”

Section: Heat Pipes Linked To Sensible Heat Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A PCM/heat pipe cooling system for reducing air conditioning in buildings: review of options and report on field tests

Etheridge¹,

Murphy²,

Reay

2006

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Air conditioning is now seen as a new and major contributor to CO2 emissions in the UK. This is partly due to global warming and partly to the increased use of IT systems. A novel system for reducing or eliminating the need for air conditioning was developed to the proof-of-concept stage under an earlier project at the University of Nottingham. The system makes use of heat pipes to transfer heat into and out of a phase change material which is ‘frozen’ during the night and ‘melted’ during the day. This paper describes a number of concepts for ‘free cooling’, and the background to the current concept, before detailing field tests on the system that have recently been completed and which demonstrate its effectiveness under real operating conditions. Systems were installed in two offices and detailed monitoring of their performance was carried out during the summer months. On the basis of the results obtained it is concluded that the system functions very well and is practically and technically the most attractive of the available alternatives to air conditioning. The fact that it is suited to retrofitting in existing buildings means that both the potential market and the CO2reductions are large. Practical application: The paper describes a novel system that is intended to provide passive cooling in naturally ventilated buildings. The novelty lies in the use of heat pipes and a fan to enhance the heat transfer to and from the phase change material (PCM) and the air. That this has been successful is shown by the ability of the system to exercise a degree of control over the room air temperature that is comparable to that of a conventional airconditioning system. The review provided in the paper may also be of use to other workers on PCMs and night cooling of naturally ventilated buildings.

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