Heat of solidification in refractory metals studied by drop-tube experiments

Abstract

A number of pure refractory metals have been investigated by drop-tube experiments. The cooling curves have been registered and theoretically analysed. A model for analysing the heat of fusion has been developed. It was found that the heat of fusion was approximately 50% of the tabulated value.

Heat-flux measurements of industrial on-site continuous copper casting and their use as boundary conditions for numerical simulations

“…A similar sequence of events occurs for W < y < 2W, although there is no obvious geometrical reason for symmetry about y=W. However, micrographs taken of the solidification structure [2] show that the two solidification fronts meet at y=W; hence, we will for simplicity assume that y = W is a symmetry axis, so that we need only consider the left-hand side of Fig. 1.…”

“…2 : 2D modelling schematic for the Southwire process given in Fig. 3, and more details regarding data acquisition can be found in [2]. In Fig.…”

“…The inner and outer surfaces of the wheel are cooled with water, which leads to the solidification of the molten copper that is between the wheel and the steel plate; subsequently, the solid copper strand is removed to a rolling mill with the help of an endless casting belt, in the manner shown in the figure. Further details of the process are given in [1,2]. More generally, this is one example of an industrial continuous casting process whose efficiency, although satisfactory, it would nevertheless be desirable to improve.…”

“…In earlier work, we initiated an attempt to improve understanding of the process by constructing a theoretical model for it [1], coupled to experimental activity in order to obtain boundary conditions essential to the model [2]. Whilst the overall aim is a thermomechanical model, in order to investigate the thermal stresses that are associated with hot cracks, we focus here on developments in just the thermal model, although the nature of these turns out, in fact, to be guided by the longer-term goals.…”

“…Furthermore, mathematically at least, the solid region is initially of zero thickness. Therefore, in this paper we propose a strategy for taking these features into account, as well as using experimental data obtained in [2] with an improved sensor design.…”