Heat‐killed <i>Mycolicibacterium aurum</i> Aogashima: An environmental nonpathogenic actinobacteria under development as a safe novel food ingredient

Nouioui, Imen; Dye, Timothy D.

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2413

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 76 publications

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“…Sites of action can include various microbiomes including, but not limited, to the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract and of the vagina. Mycobacterial preparations are generally safe and well tolerated [28,29]. Resultantly, the bene ts of such interventions can act in a positive fashion without generating signi cant risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-modulating Effects of Mycobacteria

Gavin¹,

Rosli²,

Gillis³

2022

Preprint

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Background:Several species of Mycobacterium have been identified as having the ability to modulate immune responses, even as heat-killed preparations. Our goal was to identify mycobacteria that could potentially act in a safe and non-toxic immune-modulating effect by promoting the production of specific chemokine and cytokine responses with a potential application for impacting the microbiome. We relied on the following Mycobacterium strains: M. smegmatis, M. agri, M. phlei, M. tokaiense, M. brumae, M. aurum, and M. obuense. Results:M. smegmatis and M. agri were the most effective in inducing immune responses in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) manifested by extracellular productions of the cytokine IL-6, as well as the chemokines IL-8, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. Correlation analyses and immune challenges to the bacterial mixtures showed that while cytokine and chemokine responses to M. smegmatis and M. agri were similar, they were different from responses to either B. subtilis or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) resulting in distinct patterns of extracellular cytokine and chemokine productions. Our results suggest that Mycobacterium strains and B. subtilis activated distinct immune response pathways and have different effects on the immune system.Conclusions:We identified several Mycobacterium species as well as B. subtilis as the most efficient immune-modulating agents. Distinct immunomodulatory properties of multiple species may have potential implications for immunotherapy of cancer as well as treatments of various immune-deficiency disorders. Our methodology for comparing immune responses of bacterial preparations may provide a useful tool for studying immune effects of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-modulating Effects of Mycobacteria

Gavin¹,

Rosli²,

Gillis³

2022

Preprint

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Reduction of hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice by prophylactic treatment with heat-killed Mycobacterium aurum: possible effects on glucose utilization, mitochondrial uncoupling, and oxidative stress in liver and skeletal muscle

Abdallah,

Bazzi,

Akle

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundIn addition to conventional treatment and modifications in physical activity and diet, alternative strategies have been investigated to manage, prevent, or delay diabetes in humans. In this regard, one strategy has relied on the immunomodulatory properties of mycobacteria, whereby Bacillus Calmette–Guerin, an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes and to alleviate hyperglycemia in selected murine models of diabetes. A novel heat-killed (HK) whole-cell preparation of Mycobacterium aurum (M. aurum) is currently under development as a potential food supplement; nevertheless, its potential bioactivity remains largely unknown. Thus, the present study investigated the potential prophylactic anti-diabetic effects of HK M. aurum in streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic mice.MethodsMice were divided into three groups: the STZ-induced diabetic group was injected with a single intraperitoneal high dose of STZ, the HK M. aurum–treated diabetic group was prophylactically treated with three doses of HK M. aurum 6 weeks before STZ injection, and the control non-diabetic group was given three intradermal injections of borate-buffered saline and an intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer. Liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and skeletal muscle LDH, UCP3, and GLUT4 protein expression levels in different mouse groups were determined by Western blot.ResultsOur results indicated that HK M. aurum did not cause any significant changes in glycemic levels of normal non-diabetic mice. Prophylactic administration of three doses of HK M. aurum to diabetic mice resulted in a significant reduction in their blood glucose levels when compared to those in control diabetic mice. Prophylactic treatment of diabetic mice with HK M. aurum significantly restored their disturbed protein expression levels of liver UCP2 and LDH as well as of skeletal muscle UCP3. On the other hand, prophylactic treatment of diabetic mice with HK M. aurum had no significant effect on their liver GLUT2 and skeletal muscle GLUT4 and LDH protein expression levels.ConclusionsOur findings provide the first evidence that HK M. aurum possesses a hyperglycemia-lowering capacity and might support its future use as a food supplement for the amelioration of diabetes.

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Heat‐killed Mycolicibacterium aurum Aogashima: An environmental nonpathogenic actinobacteria under development as a safe novel food ingredient

Abstract: The interaction between the human host and nonpathogenic ubiquitous environmental microorganisms, present throughout human evolution, recently emerged as an area of scientific interest and has evolved into "the Old Friends hypothesis" (Flandroy et al., 2018;

Cited by 2 publications

References 76 publications

Immune-modulating Effects of Mycobacteria

Immune-modulating Effects of Mycobacteria

Reduction of hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice by prophylactic treatment with heat-killed Mycobacterium aurum: possible effects on glucose utilization, mitochondrial uncoupling, and oxidative stress in liver and skeletal muscle

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