Heat island development in Mexico City

Jáuregui, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00136-2

Cited by 216 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, Oke and Maxwell (1975) found that the maximum heat island in Montreal and Vancouver occurred 3-5 h after sunset. Jáuregui (1997) found that the heat island in Mexico City increased throughout the night, resulting in a maximum just before sunrise. Fortuniak et al (2005) found that the heat island in Lodz, Poland, increased until about midnight and then remained fairly constant until sunrise.…”

Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Input Parameters and the Simulated Urban Heat Island in Offline Simulations

Oleson

Bonan

Feddema

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

102

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In a companion paper, the authors presented a formulation and evaluation of an urban parameterization designed to represent the urban energy balance in the Community Land Model. Here the robustness of the model is tested through sensitivity studies and the model's ability to simulate urban heat islands in different environments is evaluated. Findings show that heat storage and sensible heat flux are most sensitive to uncertainties in the input parameters within the atmospheric and surface conditions considered here. The sensitivity studies suggest that attention should be paid not only to characterizing accurately the structure of the urban area (e.g., height-to-width ratio) but also to ensuring that the input data reflect the thermal admittance properties of each of the city surfaces. Simulations of the urban heat island show that the urban model is able to capture typical observed characteristics of urban climates qualitatively. In particular, the model produces a significant heat island that increases with height-to-width ratio. In urban areas, daily minimum temperatures increase more than daily maximum temperatures, resulting in a reduced diurnal temperature range relative to equivalent rural environments. The magnitude and timing of the heat island vary tremendously depending on the prevailing meteorological conditions and the characteristics of surrounding rural environments. The model also correctly increases the Bowen ratio and canopy air temperatures of urban systems as impervious fraction increases. In general, these findings are in agreement with those observed for real urban ecosystems. Thus, the model appears to be a useful tool for examining the nature of the urban climate within the framework of global climate models.

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Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Input Parameters and the Simulated Urban Heat Island in Offline Simulations

Oleson

Bonan

Feddema

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

102

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“…As a consequence, the urbanized area grew 495 ha per year, and around 400 ha of ecological reserve was lost per year [4]. These urban morphology modifications induce mechanical and thermal processes that change the local wind circulation, affect the local urban climate, and intensify the urban heat island effect [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Analysis of the Wind Events and Seasonal Wind Circulation Patterns in the Mexico City Region

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The residents of Mexico City face serious problems of air pollution. Identifying the most representative scenarios for the transport and dispersion of air pollutants requires the knowledge of the main wind circulation patterns. In this paper, a simple method to recognize and characterize the wind circulation patterns in a given region is proposed and applied to the Mexico City winds (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). This method uses a lattice wind approach to model the local wind events at the meso-β scale, and hierarchical cluster analysis to recognize their agglomerations in their phase space. Data of the meteorological network of Mexico City was used as input for the lattice wind model. The Ward's clustering algorithm with Euclidean distance was applied to organize the model wind events in seasonal clusters for each year of the period. Comparison of the hourly population trends of these clusters permitted the recognition and detailed description of seven circulation patterns. These patterns resemble the qualitative descriptions of the Mexico City wind circulation modes reported by other authors. Our method, however, permitted also their quantitative characterization in terms of the wind attributes of velocity, divergence and vorticity, and an estimation of their seasonal and annual occurrence probabilities, which never before were quantified. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 1007

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“…The lower NUHI intensities during the wet season are explained by the higher amount of cloud cover, but also by thermal admittance due to increased soil-water (Jauregui, 1997;Jonsson, 2004;Jonsson and Lindqvist, 2005;Roth, 2007). The importance of soil wetness to cooling was emphasized by Jonsson and Lindqvist (2005) who compared cloud-free nights during the dry and the wet season, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In (sub)tropical as well as in temperate cities, the vegetation fraction of urban areas (Grimmond and Oke, 2002) has been shown to effectively reduce heat storage uptake during daytime through evapotranspirative cooling and shading from trees, hence reducing 3090 B. HOLMER et al air temperature and the heat island and creating large daytime intra-urban temperature differences (Jauregui, 1997;Spronken-Smith and Oke, 1998;Jonsson, 2004). The cooling effect of vegetation also exists during the night.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evening evapotranspirative cooling in relation to vegetation and urban geometry in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Holmer

Thorsson

Lindén

2012

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Intra-urban cooling in the city of Ouagadougou, capital of Burkina Faso in the Sahel zone of West Africa, was studied during the dry seasons in 2003, 2004 and 2007. The aim was to see how vegetation, built structure and position within the built-up area influenced the nocturnal cooling. Cooling was divided into two phases. In Phase 1 (16 : 00-20 : 00 hours LST = CET), cooling was very different between the sites while in Phase 2 (20 : 00-06 : 00 hours LST), cooling rates differed insignificantly and the whole area cooled almost at the same rate. Thus the temperature differences between the sites developed during these few hours in Phase 1 were preserved during the rest of the night. In Phase 1, Evening Evapotranspirative Cooling was intensive at vegetated sites that cooled almost twice as fast as sparsely vegetated. This was indicated by a humidity rate (increase of specific humidity per hour) that was high at a vegetated site, but considerably lower at a sparsely vegetated. In Phase 2 the humidity rate was slightly negative with little difference between the sites. After a division in vegetated and sparsely vegetated sites built structure (sky view factor) were shown to influence cooling, but no influence of the position within the built-up area was traced. Thus, the site-specific properties dominated cooling, giving large intra-urban temperature differences. The study also showed the importance of considering a large enough source area to account for micro-scale advection.

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Heat island development in Mexico City

Cited by 216 publications

References 14 publications

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Input Parameters and the Simulated Urban Heat Island in Offline Simulations

An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Input Parameters and the Simulated Urban Heat Island in Offline Simulations

Cluster Analysis of the Wind Events and Seasonal Wind Circulation Patterns in the Mexico City Region

Evening evapotranspirative cooling in relation to vegetation and urban geometry in the city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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