Heat budget and fire behaviour associated with the opening of serotinous cones in two <i>Pinus</i> species

Johnson, Edward A.; Gutsell, S.L.

doi:10.2307/3235610

Cited by 58 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Areas with higher fire severity may also represent enhanced conditions for the establishment of species that regenerate from seed by eliminating the organic layer and providing seeds access to a mineral soil surface [19]. High temperatures may also prepare some seed for germination [2,18]. On the other hand, Moreno and Oechel [27] found that resprouters may increase more slowly at higher burn severities, as heat from high severity burns may damage roots and rhizomes necessary for post-fire regeneration.…”

Section: Factors Responsible For Variation In Post-fire Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluating Post-wildfire Vegetation Regeneration as a Response to Multiple Environmental Determinants

Casady

Leeuwen

Marsh

2009

Environ Model Assess

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Vegetation regeneration in post-fire environments varies across the landscape of a burned area. Variations are caused by interacting factors, including soil properties, vegetation characteristics, hydrology, land management history, and burn severity. While many of these factors have been explored previously, few studies have investigated the combination of multiple factors. A time-series of the remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index data has been analyzed to estimate rates of regeneration across a burn in central Arizona. We used regression trees to evaluate postfire vegetation response as a function of multiple factors. Regeneration was a function of elevation (likely a proxy for moisture availability), burn severity, pre-burn vegetation, and post-burn management activities. Both time-series vegetation data and regression trees were valuable tools for determining dominant interacting factors responsible for variations in post-fire regeneration. Evaluation of the timeseries data and modeled post-fire vegetation permitted the interpretation of management actions across the burned area.

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Section: Factors Responsible For Variation In Post-fire Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluating Post-wildfire Vegetation Regeneration as a Response to Multiple Environmental Determinants

Casady

Leeuwen

Marsh

2009

Environ Model Assess

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“…obs.). Serotinous cones remain closed until sufficient heat melts the resinous bonds holding the cone scales together (Johnson and Gutsell 1993) and serotinous cones are characteristic of areas where stand-replacing fires are common (Muir and Lotan 1985). South Hills crossbills mostly feed upon 3-7-year-old serotinous cones that accumulate in the absence of Tamiasciurus (C. W. Benkman, pers.…”

Section: The Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of a Competitor on the Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution Between Crossbills and Lodgepole Pine

2001

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Abstract. The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution posits that the form of selection between interacting species varies across a landscape with coevolution important and active in some locations (i.e., coevolutionary hotspots) but not in others (i.e., coevolutionary coldspots). We tested the hypothesis that the presence of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affects the occurrence of coevolution between red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra complex) and Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) and thereby provides a mechanism giving rise to a geographic mosaic of selection. Red squirrels are the predominant predispersal seed predator and selective agent on lodgepole pine cones. However, in four isolated mountain ranges east and west of the Rocky Mountains, red squirrels are absent and red crossbills are the main predispersal seed predator. These isolated populations of pine have apparently evolved without Tamiasciurus for about 10,000 to 12,000 years. Based on published morphological, genetic, and paleobotanical studies, we infer that cone traits in these isolated populations that show parallel differences from cones in the Rocky Mountains have changed in parallel. We used data on crossbill and conifer cone morphology and feeding preferences and efficiency to detect whether red crossbills and lodgepole pine exhibit reciprocal adaptations, which would imply coevolution. Cone traits that act to deter Tamiasciurus and result in high ratios of cone mass to seed mass were less developed in the isolated populations. Cone traits that act to deter crossbills include larger and thicker scales and perhaps increased overlap between successive scales and were enhanced in the isolated populations. In the larger, isolated mountain ranges crossbills have evolved deeper, shorter, and therefore more decurved bills to exploit these cones. This provides crossbills with higher feeding rates, and the change in bill shape has improved efficiency by reducing the concomitant increases in body mass and daily energy expenditures that would have resulted if only bill size had increased. These parallel adaptations and counter adaptations in red crossbills and lodgepole pine are interpreted as reciprocal adaptations and imply that these crossbills and pine are in coevolutionary arms races where red squirrels are absent (i.e., coevolutionary hotspots) but not where red squirrels are present (i.e., coevolutionary coldspots). The view that coevolution is a prominent evolutionary process has been contentious. Nonetheless, evidence from diverse areas of evolutionary biology indicate that coevolution is a fundamental process in evolution and that a better understanding of the coevolutionary process is critical for progress in evolutionary biology, conservation, and health-related issues (Thompson 1994(Thompson , 1999a. One recent advance in coevolutionary theory has risen from the recognition that the form of an interaction between species often varies across a landscape (e.g., Thompson and Pellmyr 1992). This geographic v...

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“…Examination of decadal averages has shown that 95% of the area burned is caused by 3% of fires [6]. Fires also occur in temporal clumps rather than having a consistent average.…”

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confidence: 99%

Forest fire scar detection in the boreal forest with multitemporal spot-vegetation data

Gerard

Plummer

Wadsworth

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-Disturbance events, such as fire, have a major impact on boreal forest dynamics, succession and the global carbon cycle. Methods using satellite imagery are well established for detecting forest fires in real time and mapping the burned area (fire scars) within one year of the fire. This paper focuses on the detection of older fire disturbance-regeneration patterns in the boreal forests of Canada. Previous work found that shortwave-infrared image segmentation proved particularly good at creating uniform regions that were easy to associate with fire scars. Our findings suggest it is possible to detect fire scars up to 10 years old using SPOT VEGETATION data from a single year and that the use of a vegetation index based on near-and shortwave-infrared reflectance is critical to this success. We demonstrate how the use of short term multi-temporal imagery can enhance segmentation results and present a threshold-based procedure for a-posteriori identification of fire scar segments. The resulting fire scar probability map showed a good correspondence with records of fire scars mapped by the Canadian Forest Service for 1980 -1992 and 'hot spots' from the FireM3 Information System for 1994-1998. Index Terms-forest fire scars, image segmentation, multitemporal remote sensing, shortwave-infrared.

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Heat budget and fire behaviour associated with the opening of serotinous cones in two Pinus species

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluating Post-wildfire Vegetation Regeneration as a Response to Multiple Environmental Determinants

Evaluating Post-wildfire Vegetation Regeneration as a Response to Multiple Environmental Determinants

The Influence of a Competitor on the Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution Between Crossbills and Lodgepole Pine

Forest fire scar detection in the boreal forest with multitemporal spot-vegetation data

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