Heat Balance Components of a Small Sequencing Batch Reactor Applied for Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

In Romania, over 40 % of the population lives in rural areas where wastewater infrastructures are poor or missing. Development of infrastructure in water supply and sewerage is essential for improving living conditions and human health. To solve the problem of domestic wastewater treatment in the areas where only decentralized sewage treatment systems can be implemented, compact installation that operating as a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process can be used. Unlike the conventional biological mechanical wastewater treatment systems, in which the process is divided into several basins, the treatment system that uses the SBR process segregates the treatment process by working times. Therefore, the compact installation that uses SBR process is among the most effective alternatives to the conventional wastewater treatment with low flow. To ensure a high degree of treatment in small treatment plants which operates by SBR process, it is essential to identify the correlations among some parameters, such as: qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the influent, construction characteristics of the treatment system and operating factors. The main direction of this research aims at identifying the mathematical model able to describe the heat balance for a SBR used in a small municipal wastewater treatment plant. Moreover, the theoretical model was correlated with the numerical values obtained during 30 days of measurements and monitoring of a small wastewater treatment plant used to treat real municipal wastewater. The installation used in this research was used in real condition to obtain the values as close to reality for the component of the heat balance.

The Use of Biochar and Compost Mixtures as Potential Organic Fertilizers

“…Organic matter (OM) was calculated according to equation (1) [25]. (1) where: DW is the soil sample weight dried at 105ºC plus the crucible weight, CW is the weight of the calcined sample at 550 o C plus the crucible weight, Wc is the weight of crucible.…”

“…The environmental issue are very present in the society development, if we take in consideration the most important sources of pollution and how it interact with actual principle of sustainable development (waste and energy management, water management etc.) [1,2]. The increase of waste quantity cause environmental degradation, especially for soil, water and air pollution, due to unsustainable waste disposal and management methods [3].…”

Treatment Study of Brook Water by Using the Ultrafiltration Pilot with Polymeric Membrane

“…A variety of procedures have been performed: coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, etc. both in order to stabilize the compounds in water to be easier then removed by the ultrafiltration processes with membrane [2,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…The results of the analyzes carried out during the experiment showed that some of the above mentioned chemical elements can be retained by more than 85 % so that a membrane of PAN can reduce the degree of pollution of the waste water, especially where the waste water is directly discharged into natural source of water. At the same time, 14 chemical elements present in the waste water were analyzed and after determining the concentration of the heavy metals after the completion of the experiment it can be confirmed that the use of polymeric membranes is and will be a viable solution for the purpose of protecting the environment and health.Industrial areas, regardless of the intensity of their activities, generate huge quantities of wastewater that contain pollutants from the most "friendly" with the environment to the most dangerous [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A quite important part of the industries generates waters that have in their composition high concentrations of heavy metals, such as: chromium, nickel, cadmium, manganese, iron, lead, etc., some being retained through the purification processes of the stations thus designed, others bypassing them, being a threat to aquatic life as well as to human health [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].In addition to the conventional methods of purification, the membrane technology has several advantages because the membranes, regardless of their type, have lower costs, are easier to exploit, in addition, they offer the possibility to separate the compounds for future use [29][30][31].The application of membranes in the processes of separation of heavy metals can have a rather high efficiency, but this efficiency depends very much on the working parameters of the experiment, such as the pH of the solution, the concentration of metals in the solution...…”

“…Industrial areas, regardless of the intensity of their activities, generate huge quantities of wastewater that contain pollutants from the most "friendly" with the environment to the most dangerous [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. A quite important part of the industries generates waters that have in their composition high concentrations of heavy metals, such as: chromium, nickel, cadmium, manganese, iron, lead, etc., some being retained through the purification processes of the stations thus designed, others bypassing them, being a threat to aquatic life as well as to human health [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”