Heat and sweat transport in fibrous media with radiation

Wang, Jilu; Sun, Weiwei

doi:10.1017/s0956792514000059

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A comprehensive look at the literature reveals that the modelling of sweat secretion and distribution over an underlying garment is rather scarce to the best of our knowledge. Some mathematical studies on moisture migration through a porous medium with potential applications to the textile industry can be found (Li and Sun, 2012;Fontana et al, 2016;Wang and Sun, 2014;Voelker et al, 2009), but no simulation of the flow in a sweat duct discharging into a garment has been reported. Although rather costly, an experimental setup has also been developed lately to simulate sweat production and help with the development of protective clothing (Psikuta et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing

Stephenson

Ellero

Sebastia‐Saez

et al. 2020

IJCST

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PurposeLive non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers is of great importance for the medical community. Moreover, some studies suggest that there is a substantial business gap in the development of mass-production commercial sweat-analysing wearables with great revenue potential. The objective of this work is to quantify the concentration of biomarkers that reaches the area of the garment where a sensor is positioned to advance the development of commercial sweat-analysing garments.Design/methodology/approachComputational analysis of the microfluidic transport of biomarkers within eccrine sweat glands provides a powerful way to explore the potential for quantitative measurements of biomarkers that can be related to the health and/or the physical activity parameters of an individual. The numerical modelling of sweat glands and the interaction of sweat with a textile layer remain however rather unexplored. This work presents a simulation of the production of sweat in the eccrine gland, reabsorption from the dermal duct into the surrounding skin and diffusion within an overlying garment.FindingsThe model represents satisfactorily the relationship between the biomarker concentration and the flow rate of sweat. The biomarker distribution across an overlying garment has also been calculated and subsequently compared to the minimum amount detectable by a sensor previously reported in the literature. The model can thus be utilized to check whether or not a given sensor can detect the minimum biomarker concentration threshold accumulated on a particular type of garment.Originality/valueThe present work presents to the best of our knowledge, the earliest numerical models of the sweat gland carried out so far. The model describes the flow of human sweat along the sweat duct and on to an overlying piece of garment. The model considers complex phenomena, such as reabsorption of sweat into the skin layers surrounding the duct, and the structure of the fibres composing the garment. Biomarker concentration maps are obtained to check whether sensors can detect the threshold concentration that triggers an electric signal. This model finds application in the development of smart textiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing

Stephenson

Ellero

Sebastia‐Saez

et al. 2020

IJCST

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“…A qualitative analysis is made on the nature of the solution to this problem. Theoretical analysis on the system of equations for the transfer of heat and moisture in porous fabrics can be found in Wang & Sun [ 11 ] and Kelly [ 12 ]. To the best of our knowledge, to date the system has not been treated with fluctuations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and qualitative analysis of fluctuations in air and vapour concentrations in a porous medium

Poorun

Dauhoo

Bessafi³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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This work presents the development and physical analysis of a sweat transport model that couples the fluctuations in air and vapour concentrations, and temperature, in a one-dimensional porous clothing assembly. The clothing is exposed to inherent time-varying conditions due to variations in the body temperature and ambient conditions. These fluctuations are governed by a coupled system of nonlinear relaxation–transport–diffusion PDEs of Petrovskii parabolic type. A condition for the well-posedness of the resulting system of equations is derived. It is shown that the energy of the diffusion part of the system is exponentially decreasing. The boundedness and stability of the system of equations is thus confirmed. The variational formulation of the system is derived, and the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution is demonstrated analytically. This system is shown to conserve positivity. The difficulty of obtaining an analytical solution due to the complexity of the problem, urges for a numerical approach. A comparison of three cases is made using the Crank–Nicolson finite difference method (FDM). Numerical experiments show the existence of singular coefficient matrices at the site of phase change. Furthermore, the steady-state profiles of temperature, air and vapour concentrations influence the attenuation of fluctuations. Numerical results verify the analytical findings of this work.

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Unconditionally Optimal Error Analysis of Crank–Nicolson Galerkin FEMs for a Strongly Nonlinear Parabolic System

Wang

2017

J Sci Comput

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The paper focuses on unconditionally optimal error analysis of the fully discrete Galerkin finite element methods for a general nonlinear parabolic system in R d with d = 2, 3. In terms of a corresponding time-discrete system of PDEs as proposed in [22], we split the error function into two parts, one from the temporal discretization and one the spatial discretization. We prove that the latter is τ -independent and the numerical solution is bounded in the L ∞ and W 1,∞ norms by the inverse inequalities. With the boundedness of the numerical solution, optimal error estimates can be obtained unconditionally in a routine way. Several numerical examples in two and three dimensional spaces are given to support our theoretical analysis.

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Heat and sweat transport in fibrous media with radiation

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing

Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing

The physical and qualitative analysis of fluctuations in air and vapour concentrations in a porous medium

Unconditionally Optimal Error Analysis of Crank–Nicolson Galerkin FEMs for a Strongly Nonlinear Parabolic System

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