Heat and Mass Diffusion and Shrinkage in Prolate Spheroidal Bodies Based on Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics: A Numerical Investigation

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics-Based Convective Drying Model Applied to Oblate Spheroidal Porous Bodies: A Finite-Volume Analysis

“…Oliveira and Lima [24] used the model proposed by Fortes and Okos [19] to study the heat and mass transfer in the simulation of wheat drying and concluded that the numerical results of the average moisture content showed a suitable agreement with the experimental values. Oliveira et al [25] and Oliveira et al [26] observed, applying the model developed by Fortes and Okos [19] to study the phenomenon of shrinkage during a drying process of wheat grain, that the model used was accurate and effective and could be used to simulate many practical diffusion problems, such as heating, cooling, wetting and drying in prolate spheroidal solids, including spherical solids.…”

“…In this sense, due to the fact that few works studied coupled heat and mass transfer in solids with complex shape [18,[24][25][26][27]; that during the drying process of agricultural products with low moisture content, the predominant mass flux is the vapor flux (not predicted by the liquid diffusion theory l), and the equilibrium boundary condition (hygroscopic and thermal balances) does not accurately reflect the physical phenomenon of heat and mass transport on the surface of the grain; this work aims to study the transfer of heat and mass in oblate spheroidal porous materials using mathematical modeling based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics. This model considers variable thermophysical properties and convective boundary conditions on the surface of the porous solid.…”