“…It consists of associations, or networks of associations, of mountain people who want to be part of the process but as autonomous counterparts. The rise and the role of such complementary stakeholders, partly critical of intergovernmental initiatives, have been analysed for other global issues 70 . For mountains, the most revealing initiative is the World Mountain People Association (WMPA).…”
Section: The Involvement Of Mountain Peoplementioning
“…It consists of associations, or networks of associations, of mountain people who want to be part of the process but as autonomous counterparts. The rise and the role of such complementary stakeholders, partly critical of intergovernmental initiatives, have been analysed for other global issues 70 . For mountains, the most revealing initiative is the World Mountain People Association (WMPA).…”
Section: The Involvement Of Mountain Peoplementioning
“…As constructivists move from analysis to prescription, one may expect problems of narrative to press on them more explicitly. A renewed appreciation for narrative as a political phenomenon worthy of attention is apparent in the political studies of protest movements and other domestic phenomena, but that work is tangential to my concerns here (see Brysk 1995).possession of practical moral knowledge concerning the relationship between a concrete particular and a possibly knowable whole, (neo-)realist moral skepticism seems to exclude such wisdom as a possible human virtue. Yet realists such as Machiavelli, Thucydides, and Hobbes-none of them "Platonists"-explicitly sought to teach us a kind of practical wisdom or prudence concerning practical matters.…”
Section: Realist Wisdom and Moral Wisdommentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Compare Thucydides (1919, VI.54, VI.14). 24 Examples include the many instances in the summary article by Brysk (1995), Frei 1974, andRicoeur 1991. The reasons for underestimating the role of narrative are neither obscure nor mendacious. Both political science and political philosophy are largely analytical activities.…”
“…Frames help name, interpret and dramatize issues, allowing advocates to create or explain broader social meanings (Brysk, 1995). As noted in the introduction, many empirical accounts of successful international norm development reveal that frames are employed by willful agents to situate issues within a broader social and historical setting (see, for example, Price, 1998).…”
Constructivist theorists view norms as shared understandings that reflect `legitimate social purpose'. Because the focus is on the ideational building blocks that undergird a community's shared understandings, rather than material forces, persuasive communication is considered fundamentally important to norm-building. In practice, this means that frames are crafted by norm entrepreneurs so as to resonate with audiences. However, the constructivist empirical literature illustrates the central importance of material levers in achieving normative change. Those who promote specific norms also manipulate frames strategically to achieve their ends and do not necessarily convince others to alter their preferences. The global debate over `core labor standards' is highlighted to illustrate the various means by which frames can be distorted by communicators acting strategically, perhaps even to secure their own instrumental interests or to maintain their powerful status. Norms that do not reflect a genuinely voluntary consensus can be seen as illegitimate.
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