Heartbeat-Based Synchronization Scheme for the Human Intranet: Modeling and Analysis

Benarrouch, Robin; Moin, Ali; Solt, Flavien; Frappé, Antoine; Cathelin, Andreia; Rabaey, Jan M.

doi:10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180427

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We define those two types of nodes as hubs and leaves [7]. The former offers greater computing capabilities and energy availability, whereas the latter is a lot more constrained and is energy-frugal.…”

Section: Human Intranet Network Requirements a The Application Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heartbeat synchronization is at the core of the H-MAC protocol, introduced in [6], but this protocol limits its topology to a star network and trades off robustness and flexibility for device battery life extension. To the authors' knowledge, [6] and [7] were the only two attempts to use heartbeats as a synchronization signal until today. Reference [7] takes advantage of the heartbeat to synchronize and enable data exchange between different types of nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the authors' knowledge, [6] and [7] were the only two attempts to use heartbeats as a synchronization signal until today. Reference [7] takes advantage of the heartbeat to synchronize and enable data exchange between different types of nodes. It uses the heartbeat as a central clock for all the nodes of the network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce energy consumption, LDC-MAC tends to use long superframes, in which regularly spaced slots are inserted to reduce the communication latency. However, a concurrent attempt to reduce power consumption in lowpower communicating devices may lead to substantial clock drift [7], limiting practical superframe lengths. Heartbeat synchronization outperforms this trade-off.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accommodate the cohabitation between distinct classes of data rates, a TDMA protocol supporting a puncturing feature is adopted in [7]. The main high data rate traffic (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Energy Efficient Heartbeat-Based MAC Protocol for WBAN Employing Body Coupled Communication

Solt¹,

Benarrouch²,

Tochou³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are a fast-growing field fueled by the number of wearable devices developed for countless applications appearing on the market. To enable communication between a variety of those devices, the IEEE 802.15.6 standard was established. However, this standard has some intrinsic limitations in addressing the heterogeneity of the network nodes in terms of activity, data rates (from less than bit/s to multiple Mbit/s), energy availability, form factor, and location on, around or inside the body. To address these concerns, an alternative model is proposed that could serve as an extension of the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard. At its core is an adaptive and low-overhead synchronization scheme based on heartbeat sensing. This forms the base for a TDMA-based (Time Division Multiple Access) Media Access Control (MAC) protocol dedicated to multi-tier networks. While this effort focuses specifically on Capacitive Body-Coupled Communication (C-BCC), other physical layers can be easily incorporated as well. Based on these premises, this paper compares various random-access slot allocation approaches to accommodate the multiple data rates matching the system requirements, while incorporating a duty-cycling strategy anchored by heartbeat detection. This work proposes a novel, flexible, and robust solution, making use of heartbeat synchronization and addressing the corresponding challenges. It efficiently interconnects multiple device types over a wide range of data rates and targets a mesh of stars topology. At the cost of an increased communication latency, the proposed protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC standard in terms of energy efficiency by a factor of at least 12x in a realistic scenario.

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Section: Human Intranet Network Requirements a The Application Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To accommodate the cohabitation between distinct classes of data rates, a TDMA protocol supporting a puncturing feature is adopted in [7]. The main high data rate traffic (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Energy Efficient Heartbeat-Based MAC Protocol for WBAN Employing Body Coupled Communication

Solt¹,

Benarrouch²,

Tochou³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Timing errors and temporal uncertainty in clinical databases—A narrative review

Goodwin

Eytan

Dixon

et al. 2022

Front. Digit. Health

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A firm concept of time is essential for establishing causality in a clinical setting. Review of critical incidents and generation of study hypotheses require a robust understanding of the sequence of events but conducting such work can be problematic when timestamps are recorded by independent and unsynchronized clocks. Most clinical models implicitly assume that timestamps have been measured accurately and precisely, but this custom will need to be re-evaluated if our algorithms and models are to make meaningful use of higher frequency physiological data sources. In this narrative review we explore factors that can result in timestamps being erroneously recorded in a clinical setting, with particular focus on systems that may be present in a critical care unit. We discuss how clocks, medical devices, data storage systems, algorithmic effects, human factors, and other external systems may affect the accuracy and precision of recorded timestamps. The concept of temporal uncertainty is introduced, and a holistic approach to timing accuracy, precision, and uncertainty is proposed. This quantitative approach to modeling temporal uncertainty provides a basis to achieve enhanced model generalizability and improved analytical outcomes.

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Heartbeat-Based Synchronization Scheme for the Human Intranet: Modeling and Analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Energy Efficient Heartbeat-Based MAC Protocol for WBAN Employing Body Coupled Communication

Energy Efficient Heartbeat-Based MAC Protocol for WBAN Employing Body Coupled Communication

Timing errors and temporal uncertainty in clinical databases—A narrative review

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