Heart rhythm characterisation during unexplained transient loss of consciousness in dogs

Perego, M.; Vázquez, D.M. Porteiro; Ramera, L.; Lombardo, S.F.; Pane, Chiara; Bontempi, L; Santilli, Roberto A.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105523

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast, a recent retrospective study reporting dogs that experienced transient loss of consciousness while undergoing ambulatory ECG described 7 cases of AF (out of 230 episodes; 3.3%) where loss of consciousness was associated with progressive slowing of AF rate followed by ventricular arrest. 27 No episodes of VT were associated with the reported episodes. If we consider transient loss of consciousness as an abortive episode of sudden death (a “near‐miss”), this finding suggests that dogs with AF may be at risk of SCD because of inappropriate vagal reflexes, such as extreme bradycardia and vasodilatation triggered by inappropriate activation of ventricular mechanoreceptors during an initiating tachycardia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in dogs with atrial fibrillation

Borgeat

Pack

Harris³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in humans, independent of secondary risk factors such as thrombogenic disorders. In dogs, SCD is described in a number of heart diseases, but an association between AF and SCD is unreported.Hypothesis: (a) A higher proportion of dogs with AF will experience SCD, and (b) SCD will be associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias.Animals: One-hundred forty-two dogs with AF, and 127 dogs without AF.Methods: Retrospective, multicenter, case-control study. Dogs included in the AF group were compared to a control group of dogs in sinus rhythm, matched for echocardiographic diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to identify proportions of each group suffering SCD, compared using chi-squared testing. Risk factors for SCD in dogs with AF were evaluated at the univariable and multivariable level using binary logistic regression. Significance was P < .05.Results: A significantly higher proportion of dogs with AF suffered SCD than dogs in the control group (14.8% vs 5.5%; P = .01). Younger age at diagnosis, larger left atrial size, and a history of syncope all were independent predictors of SCD in dogs with AF (χ 2 , 16.3; P = .04).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in dogs with atrial fibrillation

Borgeat

Pack

Harris³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Tachycardia was defined as HR ≥ 176 bpm sustained for at least 48 beats, based on ~70% of maximum HR values reported for domestic dogs of similar body mass ( Noszczyk-Nowak et al , 2009 ). Asystole was defined as at least 4.5 s between consecutive heartbeats according to proposed electrocardiographic classification for spontaneous syncope in humans and dogs ( Brignole et al , 2005 ; Perego et al , 2020 ). The biologger software also calculated and stored daily HRV (standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals in sinus rhythm using the average of 5-min segment medians during a 24-h recording; SDANN) and cumulative count of detected episodes (tachycardia or pauses).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside out: heart rate monitoring to advance the welfare and conservation of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Moraes

Laske

Leimgruber

et al. 2021

Conservation Physiology

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Anthropogenic change is a major threat to individual species and biodiversity. Yet the behavioral and physiological responses of animals to these changes remain understudied. This is due to the technological challenges in assessing these effects in situ. Using captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus, n = 6) as a model, we deployed implantable biologgers and collected physiological data on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) over a 1-year period. To test for links between HR and changes in the environment we analysed HR daily rhythms and responses to potential stressors (e.g. physical restraint, change in housing conditions, short-distance transportation and unfamiliar human presence). The 2-min HR averages ranged from 33 to 250 bpm, with an overall rest average of 73 bpm and a maximum of 296 bpm. On average, HRV was higher in females (227 ± 51 ms) than in males (151 ± 51 ms). As expected, HR increased at dusk and night when animals were more active and in response to stressors. Sudden decreases in HR were observed during transportation in three wolves, suggestive of fear bradycardia. We provide the first non-anesthetic HR values for the species and confirm that behaviour does not always reflect the shifts in autonomic tone in response to perceived threats. Because strong HR responses often were not revealed by observable changes in behaviour, our findings suggest that the number and variety of stressors in ex situ or in situ environments for maned wolves and most wildlife species may be underestimated. Our study also shows that integrating biologging with behavioral observations can provide vital information to guide captive management. Similar technology can be used to advance in situ research for developing more effective welfare, management and conservation plans for the species.

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“…Classification of syncope type 1E refers to 'advanced AVB with sinus tachycardia' in which there is 'sudden onset of AVB with a concomitant increase of sinus rate' , whereas syncope type 1B refers to 'advanced AVB with sinus bradycardia' and 'concomitant and progressive decrease of sinus rate' . 8 Syncope types 1E and 1B may be interpreted as I-AVB and EV-AVB, respectively, in the Aste and Brignole classification, relating to the probable pathophysiological mechanisms. Currently, there are no specific suggestions for classification of PD-PAVB or TD-PAVB in dogs and cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the electrocardiographic and clinical description used by Spalla et al is very precise, the authors chose to refer to the condition as 'PAVB' , as adopted by Santilli et al since the descriptive term aids understanding of the aetiology and is in accordance with human medical terminology. 5,6 There are very few mentions of PAVB in dogs in the literature, 4,7,8 and some of these do not clearly differentiate the paroxysmal characteristics of the events from cases of high-grade AV block. There is more clinical and epidemiological information available about the disease in cats from recently published case series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 There is also a subclassification of PAVB relating to the initiation of the block, characterising it as pause-dependent (PD-PAVB) or tachycardia-dependent AV block (TD-PAVB), although there is controversy regarding nomenclature and the exact electrophysiological mechanisms involved in each type. 6,13,14 In veterinary medicine, specific electrocardiographic features of PAVB are only mentioned regarding syncope classification during unexplained transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) episodes, 8 but there have been no detailed descriptions of different classifications of PAVB to date. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case report of PAVB with an apparent response to aminophylline in a dog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a mixed‐breed dog

Pessoa

Goncalves

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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An 11‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog was presented with syncopal episodes occurring up to 10 times a day for 3 months. The owner reported events lasting for approximately 15 s, during which the dog would fall into lateral recumbency, have muscle tremors and show intense salivation. After the event, the animal was disorientated for a few seconds before full recovery. A surface electrocardiogram was obtained, during which an episode of syncope occurred, with a paroxysmal atrioventricular block lasting 10.5 s. The event was characterised as an intrinsic pause‐dependent paroxysmal atrioventricular block associated with cardiogenic syncope type 1E. The dog received aminophylline 10 mg/kg every 8 hours and the frequency of syncopal episodes decreased until it died of non‐cardiac causes 3 months later. There is little information on paroxysmal atrioventricular blocks in dogs, and further electrocardiographic event characterisation may the influence choice of therapy in individual cases.

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Heart rhythm characterisation during unexplained transient loss of consciousness in dogs

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in dogs with atrial fibrillation

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in dogs with atrial fibrillation

Inside out: heart rate monitoring to advance the welfare and conservation of maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Paroxysmal atrioventricular block in a mixed‐breed dog

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