Heart Rate Variability in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers

Bonnet, Michael H.; Arand, Donna L.

doi:10.1097/00006842-199809000-00017

Cited by 383 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For the time domain, HRV was determined for each consecutive five-minute segment of the drive by calculating the standard deviations of time between the R-R intervals (i.e., the latency between two consecutive R waves of the ECG). This interval period is consistent with research conducted by Roche et al (1999), Bonnet et al (1998), and as described in the review of heart rate variability by van RavenswaaijArts et al (1993). The same consecutive five-minute segments were converted to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the spectral analysis.…”

Section: Performance Measuressupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effects Of Sleep Apnea on Heart Rate Variability in a Simulator

Boyle

Hill

Tippin

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the 4th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle

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Summary: Heart rate variability has been used as a measure of mental workload, stress, and fatigue in drivers. The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether drivers with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may have significantly different heart rate variability from those who do not have OSAS. Such a condition may indicate lower stress levels and an increase in crash risk due to sleepiness. This study also evaluates whether significant deviations in HRV may occur as drivers become drowsier over time. Eleven drivers with OSAS were compared to twelve other drivers with no known sleep disorder. All were tested in a driving simulator over a 60-minute period that consisted of three uneventful drive segments on two-lane rural roads. Heart rates were collected using electrocardiogram (ECG). The variability of heart rate was computed for each subsequent five-minute interval by calculating the standard deviations of the R-R intervals (i.e., the time duration between two consecutive R waves of the ECG) within that time. Results showed that there were no significant differences in HRV over time for the comparison group. However, HRV for drivers with OSAS increased by each subsequent time interval. Drivers with OSAS also had significantly higher mean heart rate variability over the course of the drive. Specifically, based on the second regression model, the difference in heart rate variability between drivers with OSAS and the comparison group significantly increased after about 25 minutes of driving. This likely reflects the physiological effects of increased fatigue, which would lead to inattention to the driving environment and increased crash risk.

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Section: Performance Measuressupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effects Of Sleep Apnea on Heart Rate Variability in a Simulator

Boyle

Hill

Tippin

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the 4th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle

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“…However, there is an increasing body of literature regarding the psychological and physiological differences between insomniacs and good sleepers. Several studies have demonstrated a greater prevalence of intrusive thoughts, worry, and rumination [8], poor sleep hygiene [9,10], dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis [11], elevations in sympathetic activity [12], and metabolic rate [13], increased daytime alertness [14], and elevated high-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity [15][16][17] in patients with insomnia compared to good sleepers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-related sleep disturbance and polysomnographic response to caffeine

et al. 2006

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Background and purpose-To determine the sleep response to caffeine in individuals vulnerable to stress-related sleep disturbance as measured by polysomnography.Patients and methods-Eleven healthy individuals without insomnia scoring low (4 women, mean age=32.64 ± 15.46 years) and 10 healthy individuals also without insomnia scoring high (6 women, mean age=34.20 ± 13.73 years) on a measure of vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance were studied in a laboratory protocol. A moderate-low dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) was administered 1 h prior to lights-out and compared to a counterbalanced control night with each condition separated by 1 week. Standard polysomnographic measures were assessed (i.e. total sleep time, sleep efficiency, latency to persistent sleep, and sleep stage percentages) for both control and caffeine nights.Results-There were no between-group differences in sleep on the control night. Importantly, individuals reporting vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance had significantly prolonged latency to persistent sleep in response to the caffeine challenge (interaction; P <0.05).Conclusion-Normal sleepers with an identified vulnerability to stress-induced sleep disturbance exhibited greater objectively verifiable sleep-reactivity in response to a caffeine challenge compared to non-vulnerable individuals. These results suggest that the construct of individual differences in vulnerability to sleep disturbance applies to a pharmacological 'stressor' (i.e. caffeine) as well as to previously assessed stressors such as a first-night effect. This finding provides further support for generalized trait vulnerability by demonstrating a sleep disturbance to a wake-promoting pharmacological challenge in specific a priori identified individuals.

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“…The sleep cycle is closely related to endocrine and metabolic functioning and to sympathovagal balance, with sleep deprivation having negative consequences for these systems. Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased concentration of cortisol and such indicators of increased sympathetic activity as elevations in pulse rate, body temperature, and epinephrine secretion (9,10). Experimentally, sleep deprivation has been shown to negatively affect glucose metabolism and to enhance variables associated with type 2 diabetes (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A follow-up of a subgroup of these men was conducted in 1994 -1996 in another screening investigation called the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study (17). The mean time between initial testing and this follow-up was 15 years (range [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The primary aim of the original project, the methodology and general results of which have been described earlier (15,16), had been to find high-risk individuals for preventive interventions directed at cardiovascular disease, diabetes,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men Is Related to Sleep Disturbances

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE -Sleep deprivation in healthy men has been experimentally found to result in disturbances in glucose metabolism and in sympathovagal imbalance. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sleep disturbances and elevated resting heart rate are associated with increased risk of developing diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A group of 6,599 initially healthy, nondiabetic men aged 44.5 Ϯ 4.0 years took part in a prospective, population-based study in Malmö , Sweden. The incidence of diabetes during a mean follow-up of 14.8 Ϯ 2.4 years was examined in relation to self-reported difficulties in falling asleep and resting heart rate at baseline. Diabetes was assessed at follow-up in all subjects by questionnaire and in a subgroup of 1,551 men by blood glucose measurement.RESULTS -A total of 615 (9.3%) subjects reported either difficulties in falling asleep or regular use of hypnotics (seen as markers of sleep disturbances), and 158 (2.4%) subjects reported both of these. Altogether, 281 (4.3%) of the men developed diabetes during the follow-up period. Logistic regression models showed difficulties in falling asleep or regular use of hypnotics (odds ratio [OR] 1.52 [95% CI 1.05-2.20]) and resting heart rate (OR per 10 bpm 1.13 [0.99 -1.30]) to be associated with development of diabetes when full adjustments were made for baseline age, biological risk factors, lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and social class.CONCLUSIONS -The results suggest that sleep disturbances and, possibly, elevated resting heart rate, in middle-aged men, are associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:2464 -2469, 2004S leep problems are common in the adult population according to several epidemiological studies (1), as the amounts of hypnotics prescribed reflect as well (2). Although long-term sleep loss is often secondary to somatic or psychiatric illness (3), it appears that insomnia may also play a more central role in the pathogenesis of somatic illness and metabolic dysregulation (4).Divergent sleep duration, either excessively long or excessively short, has been shown (5), together with selfreported poor sleep quality (6), to be a predictor of overall mortality. Sleep disturbances are associated with increased levels of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease mortality (7,8). The sleep cycle is closely related to endocrine and metabolic functioning and to sympathovagal balance, with sleep deprivation having negative consequences for these systems. Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased concentration of cortisol and such indicators of increased sympathetic activity as elevations in pulse rate, body temperature, and epinephrine secretion (9,10). Experimentally, sleep deprivation has been shown to negatively affect glucose metabolism and to enhance variables associated with type 2 diabetes (11). An elevated heart rate is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease and may, like sleep problems, reflect increased psychosocial stress.A clinical study has shown sleep disord...

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Heart Rate Variability in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers

Cited by 383 publications

References 41 publications

The Effects Of Sleep Apnea on Heart Rate Variability in a Simulator

The Effects Of Sleep Apnea on Heart Rate Variability in a Simulator

Stress-related sleep disturbance and polysomnographic response to caffeine

Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men Is Related to Sleep Disturbances

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