Heart Rate Variability, HIV and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in
                        Rural South Africa

Godijk, Noortje G.; Vos, Antonie; Jongen, Vita W; Moraba, Robert; Tempelman, Hugo; Grobbee, Diederick E.; Coutinho, Roel A.; Devillé, W.L.J.M.; Klipstein‐Grobusch, Kerstin

doi:10.5334/gh.532

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The variables of baroreflex sensitivity and HRV in patients with hepatitis C virus were also found to be lower than those in healthy patients ( Osztovits et al, 2009 ). In a cross-sectional study included 325 participants, HIV-infected participants had lower HRV than HIV-uninfected participant ( Godijk et al, 2020 ). Moreover, previous studies have shown that HRV alters in the presence of systemic infection, and HRV monitoring may enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of infection, and HRV may help evaluate risk of deterioration in patients with sepsis and merits validation and further evaluation ( Ahmad et al, 2009 ; Barnaby et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Autonomic Nervous System Is Associated With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19

Pan

Yuan

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic infection involving multiple systems, and may cause autonomic dysfunction.ObjectiveTo assess autonomic function and relate the findings to the severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe included consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to the 21st COVID-19 Department of the east campus of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 6 to March 7, 2020. Clinical data were collected. Heart rate variability (HRV), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), D-dimer, and lymphocytes and subsets counts were analysed at two time points: nucleic-acid test positive and negative. Psychological symptoms were assessed after discharge.ResultsAll patients were divided into a mild group (13) and a severe group (21). The latter was further divided into two categories according to the trend of HRV. Severe patients had a significantly lower standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDNN) (P < 0.001), standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals (SDANN) (P < 0.001), and a higher ratio of low- to high-frequency power (LF/HF) (P = 0.016). Linear correlations were shown among SDNN, SDANN, LF/HF, and laboratory indices (P < 0.05). Immune function, D-dimer, and NT-proBNP showed a consistent trend with HRV in severe patients (P < 0.05), and severe patients without improved HRV parameters needed a longer time to clear the virus and recover (P < 0.05).ConclusionHRV was associated with the severity of COVID-19. The changing trend of HRV was related to the prognosis, indicating that HRV measurements can be used as a non-invasive predictor for clinical outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Autonomic Nervous System Is Associated With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19

Pan

Yuan

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…However, attempting to summarize, one study reported the occurrence of a parasympathetic predominance [36], another one a parasympathetic withdrawal [35], another study did not find differences in HRV parameters between non-critically ill COVID-19 patients and healthy controls [31], while two studies found a complex misalignment of ANS [37,41], involving both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches. Therefore, HRV parameters are strongly influenced by demographic factors, such gender and age [97], which varied widely among the included studies, and they could be altered by several clinical conditions [97][98][99], such as infectious diseases themselves [12,[100][101][102].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Dysfunction during Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Scala

Rizzo

Bellavia

et al. 2022

JCM

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Although autonomic dysfunction (AD) after the recovery from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been thoroughly described, few data are available regarding the involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge regarding the AD occurring during acute COVID-19. Secondarily, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of ANS involvement and the role of autonomic parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review across Scopus and PubMed databases, resulting in 1585 records. The records check and the analysis of included reports’ references allowed us to include 22 articles. The studies were widely heterogeneous for study population, dysautonomia assessment, and COVID-19 severity. Heart rate variability was the tool most frequently chosen to analyze autonomic parameters, followed by automated pupillometry. Most studies found ANS involvement during acute COVID-19, and AD was often related to a worse outcome. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autonomic parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The evidence emerging from this review suggests that a complex autonomic nervous system imbalance is a prominent feature of acute COVID-19, often leading to a poor prognosis.

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“…(2011) found a lower RMSSD in HIV-infected patients on ART, which was related to a longer exposure to PI’s regimens and dyslipidemia [ 33 ]. Moreover, imbalance in linear parameters in time and frequency domains has been demonstrated in several studies in HIV-infected patients on ART regimens containing PI’s [ 15 , 29 , 36 , 37 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Godjik & Cols. (2020) observed that HIV-infected patients on ART is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens

et al. 2021

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Background Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in HIV+ patients on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens has been described. We aimed to characterize parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and correlate with different classes of ART in HIV+ patients in three experimental conditions: rest, cold face, and tilt tests. Methods Cross-sectional study with three groups of age- and gender-matched individuals: group 1, 44 HIV+ patients undergoing combination therapy, with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); group 2, 42 HIV+ patients using two NRTI and protease inhibitors (PI’s); and group 3, 35 healthy volunteers with negative HIV serology (control group). Autonomic function at rest and during cold face- and tilt-tests was assessed through computerized analysis of HRV, via quantification of time- and frequency domains by linear and non-linear parameters in the three groups. Results Anthropometric and clinical parameters were similar between both HIV groups, except CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.039). At baseline, time-domain linear HRV parameters, RMSSD and pNN50, and the correlation dimension, a non-linear HRV parameter (p < 0.001; p = 0.018; p = 0.019, respectively), as well as response of RMSSD to cold face test were also lower in the HIV+ group than in the control individuals (p < 0.001), while no differences among groups were detected in HRV parameters during the tilt test. Conclusions Despite ART regimens, HIV+ patients presented lower cardiac vagal modulation than controls, whereas no difference was observed among the HIV groups, suggesting that higher cardiovascular risk linked to PIs may be associated with factors other than autonomic dysfunction.

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Heart Rate Variability, HIV and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rural South Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Alteration of Autonomic Nervous System Is Associated With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19

Alteration of Autonomic Nervous System Is Associated With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19

Autonomic Dysfunction during Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Linear and non-linear analysis of heart rate variability in HIV-positive patients on two different antiretroviral therapy regimens

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