Heart rate sensor validation and seasonal and diurnal variation of body temperature and heart rate in domestic sheep

Fuchs, Boris; Sørheim, Kristin; Chincarini, Matteo; Brunberg, Emma; Stubsjøen, Solveig Marie; Bratbergsengen, Kjell; Hvasshovd, Svein Olav; Zimmermann, Barbara; Lande, Unni Støbet; Grøva, Lise

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2019.100075

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Implants have been shown to accurately record heart rates in free-grazing sheep [ 21 ]. However, for a wider agricultural use, real-time data transfer needs to be developed for this method to become commercially applicable.…”

Section: Sensor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Welfare Implications of Digital Tools for Monitoring and Management of Cattle and Sheep on Pasture

Herlin

Brunberg

Hultgren

et al. 2021

Animals

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The opportunities for natural animal behaviours in pastures imply animal welfare benefits. Nevertheless, monitoring the animals can be challenging. The use of sensors, cameras, positioning equipment and unmanned aerial vehicles in large pastures has the potential to improve animal welfare surveillance. Directly or indirectly, sensors measure environmental factors together with the behaviour and physiological state of the animal, and deviations can trigger alarms for, e.g., disease, heat stress and imminent calving. Electronic positioning includes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the recording of animals at fixed points. Positioning units (GPS) mounted on collars can determine animal movements over large areas, determine their habitat and, somewhat, health and welfare. In combination with other sensors, such units can give information that helps to evaluate the welfare of free-ranging animals. Drones equipped with cameras can also locate and count the animals, as well as herd them. Digitally defined virtual fences can keep animals within a predefined area without the use of physical barriers, relying on acoustic signals and weak electric shocks. Due to individual variations in learning ability, some individuals may be exposed to numerous electric shocks, which might compromise their welfare. More research and development are required, especially regarding the use of drones and virtual fences.

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Section: Sensor Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Welfare Implications of Digital Tools for Monitoring and Management of Cattle and Sheep on Pasture

Herlin

Brunberg

Hultgren

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The few studies on moose using biologgers to monitor HR are short-term (weeksmonths), usually with a limited number of animals in semicaptive conditions (Renecker and Hudson, 1985;Langvatn, 1992;Roshchevsky et al, 1999). In this study, we used the same type of HR loggers, as previously deployed in a variety of large mammals including domestic sheep (Ovis aries; Fuchs et al, 2019a), and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and Eurasian brown bears (Ursus arctos; Fuchs et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Hypometabolism in Female Moose

et al. 2020

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How animals respond to a changing environment is a key question in ecological research. Animals living at higher latitudes are exposed to pronounced seasonal differences in both climate and in resource availability. Endotherms living in those environments have the ability to maintain a constant high body temperature (T b), over a wide range of ambient temperatures (T a). Nonetheless, many endotherms display seasonal shifts in metabolic rate (MR). Here, we studied the annual and circadian cycle of T b and heart rate (HR) in female moose (Alces alces) in relation to activity and T a. HR also can be used as a proxy of MR to calculate energy budgets. We deployed biologgers to 12 free-ranging female moose; a temperature sensor in the rumen, a HR logger subcutaneously, and a GPS collar equipped with acceleration and T a sensors. We documented seasonal differences in T b , HR and activity of moose, with lower levels during winter and higher values during summer. The highest daily mean T b and HR were 38.64 • C (10 July) and 71.9 beats per minute (bpm; 26 June), whereas the lowest daily mean T b and HR were 38.03 • C (17 March) and 40.5 bpm (6 March). High-resolution T b and activity data allowed us to detect circadian and ultradian rhythmicity throughout the year. Based on previous calibration studies, MR decreased by 60% from the highest to the lowest point. Our results demonstrate hypometabolism including lower T b and HR during winter as a strategy to reduce energy expenditure during periods with colder climate and limited availability of resources.

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“…One speculation is that the temperature loggers underwent a foreign body reaction in close proximity to the gastro-intestinal tract, and were rst adhered to, then engulfed by and then ejected into the gastro-intestinal tract. This has been observed in sheep (Ovis aries) with implanted peritoneal loggers (9). Similarly, externalization of transmitters implanted in the peritoneal cavity was reported for channel cat sh (Ictalurus punctatus), where transmitters had been expelled in more than half of the implanted sh within 23 days postimplantation, either through the intestine, through the incision, or (in one case) through a lesion in the ventral body wall (46).…”

Section: Pit Tagsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Retention and Loss of PIT Tags and Implanted VHFs and Bio-Loggers in the Eurasian Beaver

Mayer

Lian

Fuchs

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Passive integrated transponder devices (PIT tags) are a valuable tool for individual identification of animals. Similarly, the surgical implantation of transmitters and bio-loggers can provide useful data on animal location, physiology and behavior. However, to avoid unnecessary recapture and related stress of study animals, PIT tags and bio-loggers should function reliably for long periods of time. Here, we evaluated the retention of PIT tags, and of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and bio-loggers that were either implanted subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber). Results Over a 21-year period, we implanted PIT tags in 456 individuals and failed to detect a PIT tag in 30 cases, consisting of 26 individuals (6% of individuals). In all instances, we were still able to identify the individual due to the presence of unique ear tag numbers and tail scars. Moreover, we implanted 6 VHFs, 36 body temperature loggers and 21 heart rate loggers in 28 individuals, and experienced frequent loss of temperature loggers (at least 6 of 23 recaptured beavers) and heart rate loggers (10 of 18 recaptured beavers). No VHFs were lost in 2 recaptured beavers. Conclusions Possible causes for PIT tag loss (or non-detection) were incorrect implantation, migration of the tag within the body, a foreign body reaction leading to ejection, or malfunctioning of the tag. We speculate that logger loss was related to a foreign body reaction, and that loggers were either rejected through the incision wound or, in the case of temperature loggers, possibly adhered and encapsulated to intestines, and then engulfed by the gastro-intestinal tract and ejected. We discuss animal welfare implications and give recommendations for future studies implanting bio-loggers into wildlife.

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Heart rate sensor validation and seasonal and diurnal variation of body temperature and heart rate in domestic sheep

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Animal Welfare Implications of Digital Tools for Monitoring and Management of Cattle and Sheep on Pasture

Animal Welfare Implications of Digital Tools for Monitoring and Management of Cattle and Sheep on Pasture

Seasonal Hypometabolism in Female Moose

Retention and Loss of PIT Tags and Implanted VHFs and Bio-Loggers in the Eurasian Beaver

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